History of biology

4. Genetic drift is an intriguing concept in genetics that focuses on explaining the random variation in changes of allele frequencies from one generation to the next in populations. The variation comes from sampling error because in many genetic models populations are assumed to be infinitely large, which is seldom the case. A simple mathematical approach to modelling genetic drift is the Wright-Fisher model. In this essay the general principles of the Wright-Fisher model will be explained, and…

Essay 1: Adaptive Radiation Adaptive radiation is the fundamental mechanism responsible for the great variety of animal and plant species observed today and that dominated the Earth surface in the past (MacDonald, 2003). In simpler terms, adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to occupy a wide range of ecological niches. The term ecological niche describes the role of a species within its surrounding environment; its interaction with the biotic and abiotic environmental factors;…

INTRODUCTION On the 9th our Biology class went on a trip to Sirens Rock Wellington to investigate the organisms living at the rocky shore and their relationships with each other our task was to display information on the relationships between two species we discovered at the Rocky Shore we then use this information to form a report and explain the species and their relationship with one another, but before this we need to understand the definition of zonation; zonation is the distribution of…

Chapter 01: Introduction 1.1. Xenobiotics The term xenobiotic is derived from Greek words, “xenos”, meaning strange or foreign, and “bios”, meaning life. Thus xenobiotics are exogenous chemicals which includes natural and synthetic chemicals. These can be pesticides, chemical vapors from automobiles, industrial chemicals, plastics, secondary plant metabolites, toxins produced by plants, molds and animals, food additives etc. Xenobiotics are considered as pollutants, but all the pollutants are…

An ecosystem is complex set of relationships among the living resources, habitats, and residents of an area. It is a biological community that incorporates human, animals, plants, soil, water, rocks, and microorganisms living together in a environment. Ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include all of the living things such as plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and humans living in an area. The interactions between them such as competition, predation, mutualism and…

Justin Dubler August 31, 2015 Mrs. Werle Period #1-2 AP Biology Summer Assignment Survival of the Sickest Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unit of life. Passage 1: “Our genetic makeup has been adapting in response to where we live and what the weather’s like. The food we eat has evolved to cope with the organisms that eat it, and we’ve evolved to cope with that. We’ve looked at the way we’ve evolved to resist or manage the threat posed by specific infectious diseases…

Abstract Charles Darwin had a major influence on the idea of functionalism. His theory of evolution by natural selection was the key component of sparking functionalism. Functionalism was an idea brought to the United States created in opposition of structuralism. John Dewey and James Rowland Angell were the most prominent advocates for functionalism. The writings of these great thinkers of the functionalism movement were both influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.…

Any cosmetic or medical companies will tell consumers that their products are the best since it has been tested on animals for safety, but the truth behind animal testing will make buyers think twice about their merchandise. Nowadays, more and more people are teaming up against animal testing. Laboratory testing is done on substances that make up medication and cosmetics, such as perfume, lotion, soap, etc. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications,…

ZO3017-Gerhand Schlosser Student Name: Claudia Speight Student Id: 13402132 The role of Modularity is important in evolutionary development The role of modularity is important in the developmental repatterning in evolutionary development. Organisms are composed of modules which are units of elements. Developmental modules serve as building blocks for evolution. They can been seen in heterotopy, heterochrony, heterometry, loss of modules and redeployment of modules. Here we will see…

World On The Turtle’s Back Analysis In the creational myth, “The World On The Turtle’s Back,” the Iroquois demonstrate the four functions of a myth: metaphysical (to instill awe), sociological (to support customs), cosmological (to explain the world), and pedagogical (to guide people). The Iroquois use these devices all throughout the story to tell their ideas on how the world began and what helped establish it. At the beginning of the story, a pregnant Sky woman falls from the Sky-World.…