Histone

Genes are the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, and make up DNA, acting as instructions for the production of proteins in the organism of every living thing. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is condensed and packaged around histones, which order it into units known as nucleosomes. The epigenome is made up of chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and switch certain genes on or off, controlling the functions and roles of different cells. Epigenetics, which involves…

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are responsible for inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymes, which work to remove acetyl groups from histones. The overexpression of HDACs is responsible for many cancers such as prostate, colorectal, breast, lung, liver, and gastric cancer. Currently, four drugs are FDA approved to function as HDAC inhibitors: Vorinostat (2006), Romidepsin (2009), Chidamide (2015), and Panobinostat (2015). Vorinostat is a linear hydroxamic…

“I don’t know” I can still distinctly recall my eleven-year-old self repeatedly saying to anyone who tried to talk to me. It was my first day of school in America and that was the only sentence I could put together in English. I was born in China and lived there my whole life until my mother decided to move to New York. I thought I was just visiting her for winter break, but she dropped me off at school just a week after my arrival. As my new classmates tried to talk to me, I can see their…

Recent studies show that scientists are finding connections between DNA methylation and its impacts on cognitive aging, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. These same studies are giving reason to believe that environmental factors may be responsible for the epigenetic changes often involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Some of these factors include diets, nutrients, injuries, physical and cognitive exercise and exposure to chemical agents or heavy…

I learned that Epigenetic's is the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. I found it unbelievable that the way you choose to live and eat can effect your grandchildren's genes. I learned that epigenetic's brings both good and bad news. The good news is that scientist are learning to envelope drugs that treat illnesses by scenting bad genes and jump-starting the good ones. The bad news is the life style choices…

Epigenetics means changes in genes that do not affect DNA sequence. These changes might be affected by the exposure every human being has to a different environment and circumstances which leads to changes in their genes, yet these changes do not change that person’s DNA. After interviewing my family, I discovered that I am most at risk for asthma, dust and humidity allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension and migraine. Having a twin sister helps me understand the meaning…

Epigenetics refers to covalent modification of DNA, protein, or RNA, resulting in changes to the function and/or regulation of these molecules, without altering their primary sequences. Epigenetics has helped the field of genetics it allows scientist to alter the way genes are read and to tell if the gene is active or inactive. Epigenetics can be used for many great causes, such as preventing leukemia or stop aging in adults. The preventing of leukemia is done by the the scientist finding the…

Introduction Epigenetics described basically is how environmental factors can change the health not only of the people who are exposed to them, but also the health of other generations to come. Epigenetic changes are altercations of DNA, which happen without any changes in the original DNA sequence but can control whether a gene is expressed and how much of a particular message is made. Every cell in our body has the same DNA sequence but different genes are turned on or off to make our…

Adriana Rodriguez Histone Deacetylase Inhibition as Therapy for Clinical Disorders The skill of overcoming and conquering a fear is not easy to obtain. The treatment of exposure therapy is currently being used to successfully alleviate fear and anxiety disorders. At exposure treatment sessions, patients are asked to repeatedly recall and describe their traumatic event until their emotional reactions reach a point of termination (5). Humans have used the well-known process of fear conditioning…

together to make up chromatin. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells, the cellular makeup of multicellular organisms. The structure of chromatin is composed of DNA and histones, together making up nucleosomes, and other non-histone proteins that bind to the DNA. The backbone of DNA is negatively charged and histones have a positive charge allowing abundant interaction between the two molecules to organize and package multitudes of DNA at multiple levels, which must fit into an extremely…