Histone deacetylase

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are responsible for inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymes, which work to remove acetyl groups from histones. The overexpression of HDACs is responsible for many cancers such as prostate, colorectal, breast, lung, liver, and gastric cancer. Currently, four drugs are FDA approved to function as HDAC inhibitors: Vorinostat (2006), Romidepsin (2009), Chidamide (2015), and Panobinostat (2015). Vorinostat is a linear hydroxamic acid compound used against refractory cutaneous T cell lymphoma as a broad inhibitor of class I and II HDACs. By binding to the active site of class I and II HDACs, Vorinostat is able to induce the accumulation of acetylated histones and thus inducing…

Sirtuins and Histone deactylases (HDACs) Eukaryotic DNA is packed in a high level structure called chromatin, resulting from the assembly of an elementary unit, the nucleosome, and an octameric structure obtained from eight proteins called histones [1]. Histone deacetylation is a reversible process whereby histone and non-histone protein transfer the acetyl moiety from acetyl co-enzyme A (CoA) to lysines while histone acetylation is the direct opposite process whereby acetyl groups are removed…

There are many mechanisms of epigenetics, including such as de/acetylation and methylation of histones, hyper methylation of CpG islands and phosphorylation etc. Epigenetics can be both spontaneous and hereditary, with some forms of epigenetics, such as histone acetylation, being passed on through gametes. Some forms of epigenetics have large consequences, leading to some serious conditions e.g. Prader-Willi syndrome, whilst some can have longer term ramifications for future generations e.g.…

Chromatin is a compacted form of chromosomal DNA, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer. To regulate the structure of chromatin, histones undergo a large number of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, ADP ribosylation, beta-N-acetylglucosamine and deamination. These modifications can also recruit other remodeling proteins and complexes to reposition…

I learned that Epigenetic's is the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. I found it unbelievable that the way you choose to live and eat can effect your grandchildren's genes. I learned that epigenetic's brings both good and bad news. The good news is that scientist are learning to envelope drugs that treat illnesses by scenting bad genes and jump-starting the good ones. The bad news is the life style choices…

Epigenetic modifications/factors are heritable changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in genomic DNA sequences. Epigenetic changes lead to the modulation of intrinsic gene activates, which are ultimately responsible for protein translation and cellular activities. In B cells, microRNAs are epigenetic factors that modulate the expression of Aicda, which is essential for Ig class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), and Prdm1, which is…

Epigenetics means changes in genes that do not affect DNA sequence. These changes might be affected by the exposure every human being has to a different environment and circumstances which leads to changes in their genes, yet these changes do not change that person’s DNA. After interviewing my family, I discovered that I am most at risk for asthma, dust and humidity allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension and migraine. Having a twin sister helps me understand the meaning…

DNA methylation is a process in which methylations in a gene’s promoter region cause silencing of the gene [SCHROEDER]. Moreover, histone modification is the process in which a histone protein is modified through acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation, and these chemical reactions influence gene expression [SCHROEDER]. Current studies emphasize the role of these mechanisms in psychological disorders such as anxiety and major depressive disorder [SCHROEDER]. For instance, a study observed…

Epigenetics refers to covalent modification of DNA, protein, or RNA, resulting in changes to the function and/or regulation of these molecules, without altering their primary sequences. Epigenetics has helped the field of genetics it allows scientist to alter the way genes are read and to tell if the gene is active or inactive. Epigenetics can be used for many great causes, such as preventing leukemia or stop aging in adults. The preventing of leukemia is done by the the scientist finding the…

Genes are the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, and make up DNA, acting as instructions for the production of proteins in the organism of every living thing. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is condensed and packaged around histones, which order it into units known as nucleosomes. The epigenome is made up of chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and switch certain genes on or off, controlling the functions and roles of different cells. Epigenetics, which involves…