Histidine

of functions within the body. Proteins are made up of subunits called amino acids. There are several different types of amino acids such as lysine, aspartic acid, and histidine. Each type of amino acids have their own specific group called R-groups attached to them, this causes them to behave chemically different. The group on the amino acid histidine cause the amino acid to be basic; this feature of histidine makes it have a specific purpose in proteins, such as binding other molecules or atoms to a protein and also participating in a catalytic triad. Amino acids are usually put into two different groups, essential and non-essential, and histidine is classified as an essential. The difference between these two groups depend on if the amino acid could be synthesized in the body or not. Essential amino acids are the amino acids that can not be synthesized in the body. There are nine essential amino acids. These are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (Wax). Since histidine can not be synthesized in the body, other organisms have to synthesis it for humans to ingest…

Literature Review: Green Fluorescent Protein and Histidine Tagged Proteins Histidine and green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging are important in molecular biology because they allow for purification, tracking, and quantification of target proteins (Ferrari et al., 2004; Cho et al., 2011; Deponte, 2012). Histidine tagging provides a method for isolating and increasing the amount of target protein recovered from a biological organism or mixed sample of proteins (Masek et al., 2011; Singh and…

Chicken hybrid (Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classic) and dietary treatment (0.0%, 0.1% and 0.3% of L-histidine) did not affect (P > 0.05) live weight, carcass weight and weight of breast muscle. Chicken hybrid influenced weight of thighs with drumsticks (P < 0.01), weight of the back (P = 0.002) and weight of wings (P = 0.001). Dietary treatments affected weight of thighs with drumsticks (P = 0.007) and weight of wings (P = 0.006). Opposite to the results of this investigation, Nikolova et al.…

This size difference is suggested to be a consequence of the isoenzymes having different amino acids in the binding pocket of the active site. Histidine-200, histidine-67, and valine-62 in the active site of CA-I appeared to be the main amino acids which could potentially sterically hinder PTS. Further investigations, revealed that histidine-200 of CA-I sterically clashes with PTS, and this may significantly decrease the binding affinity of PTS. Whereas, in the binding pocket of CA-II the…

typhimurium bacterial strain TA1535 in our screen for mutagens. TA1535 has acquired a missense mutations in the hisG gene which leads to leucine to proline amino acid substitutions. The result of this mutation causes it to be auxotrophic, meaning it cannot survive on its own with histidine. However, the bacteria can be capable to survive on its own in the absence of histidine if it undergoes reversions (mutations that grant them the ability to to produce histidine). In return, we can use the…

According to Pena-Francesch and others (2014), “Squid ring teeth (SRT) protein is a protein that is extracted from the ring teeth located in the muscular arms and tentacles of various squid.” SRT protein is comprised of various amino acids, three of which are glycine, histidine, and tyrosine. Glycine and histidine comprise 40-50% of the total amount of amino acids in the ring teeth. Glycine provides the SRT protein with a rubberlike elasticity, and histidine is an important component in…

Introduction Scombroid fish poisoning is illness that happens when you eat certain types of fish that have not been properly refrigerated or stored. These types of fish naturally contain higher levels of a substance called histidine. When these fish are not stored properly, bacteria can change histidine into chemicals (histamines) that can make you sick and give you allergy-like symptoms. Other names for this type of food poisoning are histamine fish poisoning and scombrotoxin fish poisoning.…

Thus, NB has a greater tendency to donate its lone pair than NA and thus the nitrogen-containing group in the ring must have a higher pKb value than the nitrogen-containing group in the side chain. This statement is incorrect. Statement 2: The acidic phenolic group will react with aqueous alkali. The NB atom will react with aqueous acid and get protonated. This statement is correct. Statement 3: Ethanoyl chloride is an acid chloride and will react with phenol to form an ester. White…

of said solution (ThoughtCo, 2017). The ph scale ranges from 0-14. Ph 7 being a neutral ph, every ph above being classed as alkali and every ph before being classed as acidic. The mouth has a neutral ph that varies slightly from 6.5-7.5. This ph is maintained by buffers in the mouth, particularly in saliva. Buffers are solutions made up of either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt. They are used to resist the ph change in a solution when small amounts of acids or bases are…

This increased electronegativity allows the histidine to attract the hydrogen in the serine’s –OH group. This boosts the nucleophilic behaviour of the serine and allows it to attack and facilitate the cleavage of the substrate. A calcium cofactor for this reaction is bound by residues 75, 77, 80 and 85 [3] (Appendix 2). Trypsin-1 is created in the pancreas and excreted extracellularly [3] (Appendix 2). It then enters the small intestine during digestion, where it facilitates the breakdown of…