Hippocampus

It is critical to survival the ability to distinguish between a dangerous and a safe context. A place with aversive connotations generates a fear memory associated to a context; however, when the same place becomes safe, after reexposure, an extinction memory is generated (LeDoux, 2000). Therefore, both the fear and the extinction memory are evoked by the same context, and after some time, the fear memory usually persists and overcomes the extinction memory (Sotres-Bayon et al., 2006; Ji and…

Alzheimer’s presents changes in the brain referred to as neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The neuritic plaques are formed when amyloid precursor proteins are not processed, resulting in toxic amyloid beta proteins, forming to make plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles are formed from the tau protein, a microtubule-binding protein, detaching from neurons to form tangles. Both plaques and tangles contribute to the death of neurons, resulting in the hallmark features of Alzheimer’s…

Audrey is a student studying in Beijing 101 Middle School, currently in Grade 10. To be ready for her Toefl, SAT1 and AP tests, she recites 30 vocabularies every week meticulously. She usually recites them on the subway to school, her way back home, and even when she exercises in P.E. class. It seems she spends all the time looking at vocabulary cards, in order to get a satisfied score in her weekly quiz. However, her memory never lasts more than two weeks, if without reviewing, and obviously…

What is Cognitive Coaching? Coaching according to Costa and Garmston (1994) is defined as a people based art and the center of management that occurs within a relationship that is action oriented, result oriented, and person oriented (Costa and Garmston, 1994). Expert cognitive coaches apply specific techniques to improve another person’s perceptions, decisions, and intellectual functions (Costa & Garmston, 1994). According to these authors, changing these inner thought processes is prerequisite…

primary functions are speech, memory, auditory perception, and emotional responses. The occipital lobe controls visual perception and color recognition. Other areas of the brain that have roles in cognition are the thalamus, amygdala, putamen, hippocampus, caudate, and the…

recognition from both face and voice” (Drapeau, Gosselin, Gagon, Peretz, & Lorrain, 2009). According to Drapeau et al., during the onset stages of Alzheimer’s disease important structures in the brain become damaged. The areas included are the hippocampus which regulates emotions, and is associated with long term memory, and the amygdala which is responsible for emotions and memory. “Damage to the amygdala…

Surgery is also an option for people with partial seizures that remain a problem despite other treatment. Common procedures include cutting out the hippocampus via an anterior temporal lobe resectionremoval of tumors, and removing parts of neocortex. Stigmatization and patron saint The history of epilepsy goes back even before the history of humankind because in the brain of a cat or a dog can occur the…

autobiographical memories triggered by olfactory information were older than memories associated with verbal and visual information”(Larsson). This is because smell was much more specific and stimulated many more parts of the brain such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex than the other senses did. In research done by Rachel S Herz a cognitive neuroscientist and psychologist found that, “odor-evoked memories are more emotional than memories evoked by other modalities”(Hertz).…

Immigrants who do not speak English as their first language should be required to learn English. Not knowing English creates natural barriers in which information that is not properly interpret can potential cause death of a person. Asking our law enforcement personnel and medical personnel that are on the streets to learn every language that is spoken in this nation is unrealistic. People who come to this country should be given a timeline to learn this language. The system to help…

people. Evolution being a change in a population over time and natural selection essentially coming down to survival of the fittest and being a key mechanism of evolution. In the case of seahorses, rather the 54 species of marine fishes in the genus Hippocampus, the male and female seahorses have evolved a series of unusual adaptations for the purpose of increasing their overall fitness. A common misconception about seahorses is that the males are the ones to become pregnant, when in reality it…