Higher consciousness

A man under the name Friedich Nietzche wrote the paper “Twilight of the Idols” around the 1870s’ during his time of mortal breakdown. He has written many papers such as “The Gay Science”, “Thus Zarathusta”, “Beyond Good and Evil”, “Genealogy of Moral”. From the reading Nietzche discusses his beliefs on earth as a whole and the belief of what is around us. He begins the reading by questioning the mind of philosophers. The mind of a philosopher is meant to be confusing and difficult to understand,…

himself a lot and has a few obscure discussions of the construct of human consciousness. It seems to me he refers to a variety of different consciousness’s in his work which leads me to believe he was making a lot this up to sound smarter than other people. I can’t tell if he is referring to two types of consciousness or one conscious that has two modes that can be sorted as either the pre-reflective or the reflective consciousness. Although it does appear clear to me that he does distinguish…

There are certain beliefs humans like to hold, such as the idea of free will, and that our individual experiences matter in making us who we are. Rorty’s theory leaves us guessing about what he may say to such a critique. Are all sensations that are the same in the physical world identical? For example if S sees a blue jay and S’ sees that same bluejay, are those mental events identical? Do these mental states make us human? Can our live always be categorized by mere thoughts and sensations?…

Personal identity is the concept in which you develop your own sense of self over time. In a philosophical sense, personal identity theory is asking yourself, who am I, why do I exist? These questions have been thought of and discussed throughout history by philosophers who have searched for the answer about the actions and nature of the human being. The philosophy of personal identity has addressed the matter of the human beings existence and how we exist throughout time. When you ask yourself…

Philosophers and psychologists have long debated the nature of emotions. Although they are a universal experience, emotions become very difficult to define. They involve bodily sensations and certain behaviours yet they are much more sophisticated than brute feeling such as hunger and thirst as they also involve a cognitive aspect. Emotions can generally defined by cognitive, behavioural and physiological reactions to some external stimulus, therefore we know that emotions are a combination of…

A material thing,which is defined as something that has matter, cannot be moved by an immaterial thing, which is defined as something that does not have matter. The reasoning behind this is the laws of physics which do not allow something without matter to move something with matter. The body, which is a material substance, is moved by the mind, which is an immaterial substance. The reasoning behind this is the argument proposed by Descartes, known as Cartesian dualism, which claims that the…

In a world obsessed with knowledge we are ignorant about so many things, but is that actually a bad thing? I don’t think so. Think about death. Our death is the one thing that we are completely ignorant about. We have no idea when the moment will come when we cease to exist. Even people who have a terminal illness and have three months to live don’t even know the exact moment they will die. In our ignorance we can continue to live and embrace what we have. If we knew how we would die we would…

superego takes control and changes his perspective drastically. He realizes that if he gives in to intimacy, he will rob the young girl of her innocence. Holden’s psyche has become so compromised with the complexities of Allie’s death that he cannot bare the idea of taking someone’s innocence. He swells up with guilt and refuses to have sexual intercourse with this young prostitute in order to preserve her innocence. From a Freudian perspective, Holden was deprived of his own innocence after…

The importance of individuality has been something not just emphasized by human beings but is deemed a part of human nature. But what really makes a person who they are? Is it the color of one 's hair or the contour of his or her face? Along with these genetic traits, comes numerous individual similarities with parents such as interests and even a person 's accent. This idea of individuality, or also known as the self, is the personality and ideas that are in each individual that separate them…

Dostoevsky’s extended criticism of the world in his novel “Notes from the underground”, explores a dark truth about the human condition. The inevitably of suffering and the absence of consciousness is Dostoevsky’s example of the human condition that he perceives to be tragic but rather truthful. The protagonist whom represents the worldview of the Dostoevsky, tends to escape the 19th-century capitalist society of Russia by living underground and doing nothing. In this sense the retrospect of a…