Hierarchical linear modeling

Have you ever looked at your math paper and questioned why do I have to make a trend line? Is making a trend line really necessary? Well, trend lines allow the user to see a more defined trend of the data. Also, the creation of a trend line allows a correlation between the two subjects to be viewed easier. Trend lines help people accurately determine future outcomes that can come in handy if there is a problem. This is possible because trend lines make it easier to find the slope intercept…

(P1) The immense history of Greece could not be possible for the remarkable and influential city-states located throughout the regions. Mycenae, Knossos, and Troy are three revered and questioned palatial sites that operated in similar and opposing ways, partially due to the form and function of the architecture. In the late 1800s into the early 1900s, three archaeologists excavated the individual sites of the Aegean basin. Sir Arthur Evans became known as the British archaeologist who uncovered…

Chadwick, J. 1958. The Decipherment of Linear B, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. In this article, Chadwick’s discussion is two-fold: I. Interpretation of the Linear B tablet founded in Crete. II. When the Minoan script of Linear A became extinct. As suggested in this article, Evans hypothesises the script of Linear B was a modified form of the Minoan script Linear A. Thus, this article deduces that the decipherment of Linear B is the most important piece of archaeological evidence for…

Contrary to sigmoidal response hypothesized previously for ramped stimulus, we observed opposite pattern i.e. inverse sigmoid pattern in BOLD response. A new biophysical model was proposed to account for this non-linearity. We found that the non-linear model showed improved r2 which is an indicator of good ness of fit for a model. This would suggest that the new proposed model better describes the BOLD response. We then investigated the age long variation in the fitted parameters in BOLD…

Regression-Discontinuity Design. A powerful, alternative design for causal inference that is underutilized in the health and intervention sciences is the regression discontinuity (RD) design (Thistlewaite & Campbell, 1960). In its simplest form, the RD design involves the use of a screening measure of some form that is continuous and given to all persons. A cut point or criterion is set, which determines whether individuals are assigned to an intervention condition or a comparison condition. The…

3.3 Hypothesis H1: The relationship between total debt to total capital and firm value is significantly positive. According to most trade-off theory, because of less expensive cost of debt than cost of equity and tax benefits of debt, usage of debt financing increase corporate value. Meanwhile, according to agency theory, debt financing introduces creditor protection provisions which limit discretionary cash flow of managers, supervise managers’ behaviors against waste of corporate resources…

In the 1940s, Raymond Cattell was able to take Allport’s 4000 traits and boil it down through factor analysis. Factor analysis refers to the mathematical consolidation of commonly appearing variables and the summarising of correlating data. He used factor analysis to eliminate synonyms and the very rare or unused traits (Friedman & Schustack, 2014). Cattell was able to reduce the list of traits from over 4000 to 16 personality variables. This reduction in personality variables was attributed to…

Without technology Project Based Learning will not be as effective as it is today. PBL relies on collaboration, real-world connection, critical thinking and authentic assessments – components that are best served with technology. The key is to rearrange the way instructions have been presented where students’ experiences are used to teach abstract Math concepts. A PBL design starts with real world contexts, to conceptual understanding, then back to application and then creation. Project is…

relationship between the variables of interest. This can be described in numerous ways; this also depends on the analysis. This is concerned with how each variable is related to other similar variables. This association is based on the strength of the linear relationship in the degree of monotonicity. To the degree that it is based on counting various pairs in a relationship. Known as a statistical tool that investigates relationships among variables, regression analysis seeks to determine the…

Introduction What is innovation? A using of new ideas to products, processes and other aspects of a firm activities lead to an increasing in value of the firm, benefits to customers or other enterprise, this situation is called innovation. A key issue to distinguish innovation, bringing a truly novel item that is produced by new techniques and designs into market; this item can be new to the firm, new to relevant market. Moreover, whether relevant market is domestic or global market is based…