Hepatitis B virus

intra-erythrocytic organisms can cause varying degrees of hemolytic anemia and associated systemic illness (fever, Jaundice, red urine, oedema, loss of appetite, weakness) (Knowles, 1988). The taxonomy of B. equi remains controversial, based in part on finding an extra-erythrocytic stage within equine lymphocyte, B. equi was reclassified as T. equi (Mehlhorn and Schine, 1998). Molecular phylogenetic investigations indicated that the organism possesses characteristics of both babesia and…

be averted. After some experiments provided questionable results, I was given the task of confrming that the viruses we were working with had been packaged and identifed correctly. I spent weeks running DNA gels, looking for specifc genes in each virus, but my results were inconsistent. I was frustrated, but instead of giving up on my assignment, I was even more determined to fnd an explanation. I considered every aspect of the experiment, working backwards until I reached the…

An example of this is the 1918 influenza pandemic, strain H1N1 which was identified to have originated in birds and killed between 40-50 million people2. The influenza A virus (IAV) is a member of the orthomyxoviridae family and has a negative sense, single stranded RNA genome split into 8 segments, containing 11 genes. The virus possesses a lipid envelope which is produced from the host cell. Spikes protrude from this membrane which consist of hemagglutinin (HA), which facilitates receptor…

A, B and C. All three subtypes infect humans, the most common subtypes causing infection are A and B. The common/seasonal flu are results of both A and B subtypes and the cause of 8,000 deaths on average per year in the UK. The previous influenza pandemics have been the result of the A subtype (PHE, 2014, CDC, 2015, Webster et al, 2013). The Influenza viruses are “filamentous enveloped particles” containing a segmented genome of single-stranded RNA of seven/eight segments. Influenza A and B…

Scabies is a parasitic STD, and can be spread by skin to skin contact with a person that has scabies. Scabies is quite common, around 1 million people get infected with scabies each year. Some symptoms of scabies can be intense itching usually at night, small bumps or rashes, on fingers, butt, breasts, wrist, and thighs. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scabies/basics/definition/con-20023488 Your doctor can test for scabies by using a microscope or sometimes taking a biopsy of the…

get genital herpes. You get genital herpes by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the disease. Fluids found in a herpes sore carry the virus and contact with those fluids can cause infection. You can also get herpes from an infected partner who does not have a visible sore or who may not know he or she is infected because the virus can be released through your skin and spread the infection to your partner. The only way to avoid STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.…

Viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps, West Nile virus and others also can cause viral meningitis. Chronic forms of meningitis occur when slow-growing organisms attack the membranes and fluid encompassing the brain. Although acute meningitis strikes abruptly, chronic meningitis develops…

What is Herpes? Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral infection that is caused by multiple herpes viruses. They can produce cold sores, genital inflammation or even conjunctivitis. There are two types of herpes simplex viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is also known as oral herpes. It can cause cold sores and fever blisters around your mouth and/or on your face. HSV-1 is less contagious than . While as HSV-2 generally is responsible for genital herpes outbreaks. What is Zosters?…

Recent study reveals cat-scratch disease is rising among adults Say goodbye to regular cuddle sessions with your beloved kitty, because their claws could harm you. According to a recent study by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there has been an increase in cat-scratch disease (CSD) patients. The study revealed that 13,273 people were diagnosed with CSD during 2005-2013, and 538 of the diagnosed patients were later hospitalized. CSD is a bartonella bacterial infection…

By Jonas Wilson, Ing. Med. Lichen striatus Lichen striatus (LS), also known as Blaschko linear acquired inflammatory skin eruption or linear lichenoid dermatosis, is a benign, rare and self-limiting inflammatory skin condition. It primarily affects children between the ages of 5 to 15 years. LS initially presents as pinkish-red or flesh colored spots that coalesce over a two-week period (or less) to form a dull and scaly linear band. Lesions associated with LS tend to occur more frequently…