Hepatic portal vein

1. What does the PR interval on the ECG represent? What is the normal value? The P-R interval is the interval between the beginning of electrical excitation of the atria and the beginning of excitation of the ventricles and its normal value is 0.12- 0.20 seconds. 2. What does the QRS complex on the ECG represent? What is implicit in the information that the QRS complexes on Mr. Ortega’s ECG had a normal configuration? The QRS complex is the most important in the EKG since its represents…

During one year, the heart initiates approximately 32 million heartbeats to pump blood around the body, beating a total of 60-80 times per minute at a normal pace. It is a highly efficient organ and constantly works to keep our blood circulation going and ourselves alive. The high efficiency of the heart pumping system originates in a conductive system, which is linked to the Sinoatrial (S-A) and Atrioventricular (A-V) node. The Sinoatrial node, also known as the natural cardiac pacemaker, is…

The initial electrical impulse that begins the process of a heartbeat is generated by a group of cells located in the upper chamber of the heart. This special pathway is as follow: the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, his-purkinje network. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cell which is known as the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium. The sinoatrial node sets the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. The atrioventricular node slows the electrical signal before…

The carotid-toe pulse wave velocity (PWV) increases more with age than the carotid-radial PWV. This is due to the reduction of elasticity in central arteries; the PWV of these arteries is included in the carotid-toe measurement but not the carotid-radial measurement. First of all, the propagative model of the circulatory system is used when examining PWV. This model consists of distensible arteries that end with resistance vessels, whose distributed elastic properties allow the generation of a…

Mr. P is a 76-year-old male who admitted for congestive heart failure (CHF), and cardiomyopathy. Mr. P is despondent and a poor historian regarding his health. The patient does not demonstrate any concern to improve his current acute health issues. The patient presents with 4+ pitting edema, moist crackles throughout lung fields, and labored breathing. Mr. P’s wife has stated that he does not adhere to any diet restrictions and cannot keep track of medications. Mrs. P is distressed over her…

heart wall is composed of three layers of tissues: pericardium, myocardium and endocardium (Wilson, Waugh and Ross, 1996). Label structures of the heart for the diagram. Aorta is the major artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart. Left atrium is one of the left upper chambers that takes oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle which carries it to the body (MedicineNet, 2016). Left ventricle…

1. Coronary perfusion is a crucial factor in meeting cellular oxygen demands, which of the following factor can cause the decline in coronary perfusion? a) Heart Rate b) Contractility c) High blood pressure d) Platelet aggregation and thrombosis Answer: D Answer Rationale: A. (Incorrect) Heart rate and coronary perfusion is not correlated. An increase or decrease in heart rate along does not necessarily impact the coronary perfusion. In most cases, it is the vasodilation and vasoconstriction…

TITLE: Afterload reduction and beneficial in the management of heart failure Jose R Tapanes International Institute for Health Care Professionals Abstract Afterload is the pressure in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection. In other words, it is the end load against which the heart contracts to eject blood. Afterload is divided into components: one factor is the aortic pressure the left ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood. There is an inverse relationship between afterload…

Venous return is the flow of blood back to the heart. This process is achieved by five mechanisms. The Pressure Gradient, now this mechanisms work via the heart generating pressure even though the pressure is weaker in the veins than in the arteries it is still the most important force in the venous flow. Gravity, but only when you are sitting or standing anywhere above the heart simple gravity is at work in returning blood back to the heart, not to say that very thing isn’t still working…

Task 2 Part A Cebita Santhosh Q1. The three main types of blood vessels in the circulatory system are veins, arteries and capillaries. The veins carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries back to the heart. The arteries carry blood away from the heart to your tissues. The capillaries are the smallest of the body's blood vessels, only one cell thick and are found in the muscles and lungs. Q2. Eating too much salt can raise your blood pressure because of the extra water stored in the…