Hepatic encephalopathy

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    Additionally there have been strict restrictions placed on imported goods from other countries (especially Western Europe) known to have suffered from infections by prions. “To prevent BSE [bovine spongiform encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease] from entering the United States, severe restrictions were placed on the importation of live ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, and certain ruminant products from countries where BSE was known to exist. These restrictions…

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    BSE Mad Cow disease is otherwise known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Bovine means that the disease affects mainly cows and cattle. Spongiform refers to the spongy look of an infected cows brain, prion causes holes and tissues to fold. Encephalopathy is any form of disease to the brain. BSE is found in more in younger cattle and cows. Other forms of BSE are found in humans, cats (feline spongiform encephalopathy), sheeps and goats (scrapies), and deer and elk (chronic wasting…

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    Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease

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    Creutzfeldt–Jacob Disease (CJD) is a rare degenerative disease of the brain. There are around 300 cases in the United States per year (NIH). CJD is also referred to as “mad cow” disease, this is because they carry the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) (NIH). TSEs are caused by prions. In the brain, there are proteins called prions. Prions occur when a normal protein changes their shape which changes their function and are also capable of multiplying (NIH). There are two ways that…

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    Prion Disease

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    proteins in the brain cause the brain to shrink since the disease attacks the inner part of the brain along with neurons and cells. Peter Pressman in When Good Proteins Go Bad, claims that “Most prion diseases cause what is known as a spongiform encephalopathy. The word spongiform means that the disease erodes brain tissue, creating microscopic holes that make the tissue look like a sponge.” An interesting part of this disease is that victims go through a period of incubation from the first time…

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    Prions Essay

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    Prion infectious diseases: History and molecular pathology It is circa 500 BC, and Hippocrates records rare but localised outbreaks of madness within livestock; he observes that the animals’ neurological capabilities rapidly decline after years of apparent normality. When he investigates, he finds that the brains of these animals are ‘very full of dropsy and of an evil odour’. He hypothesises that this disease would be able to spread and infect humans too (McAlister, 2005). To him, this is…

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    Mad cow disease is a condition that effects the brain. The medical terminology for it is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. If you break down the name, it tells what the disease is. Bovine is the term for a cow, encephalopathy means a disease in the brain, and spongiform describes the appearance of the brain. The term mad cow disease came from the way the cow acts when it has the disease. It is a progressive neurologic disease, affecting the central nervous system. It also effects the immune…

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    identifying what mad cow disease is Mad Cow disease is known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the scientific community. It is a transmittable, degenerative, slow growing fatal disease, which affects the central nervous system of adult cow, formed when a cow eats the central nervous tissue of another cow. Human can be affected by eating Beef that fed on food contain Central nervous system tissue, like the brain. When a human contracts this disease, it is called variant…

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    Mad Cow Disease Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) not only affects cattle, but also public health and commerce. Mad cow disease is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from an unusual transmissible agent called a prion. The nature of the agent is not well understood but scientists think it is a modified form of a normal protein called a prion protein. This prion is pathogenic and it slowly damages a cow’s central nervous system (Bovine). This disease leads…

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    Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a disease that has been slowly spreading throughout deer and elk populations for the past 36 years. Recently, CWD was spotted in Arkansas where more deer were infected faster than previously expected. Based on this event, the Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency is preparing to handle CWD whenever it should come. CWD is a very serious disease, but as of now it poses no real threat to humans. CWD is believed to be transmitted by prions. This places CWD in close…

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    social smoking and drinking which are huge risk factor for liver damage. Upon assessing, his serum ammonia level is 78 mg/dl, where the normal range is 15-45 mg/dl, a finding that is consistent with his diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. Laboratory results usually also show signs of hepatic dysfunction and electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Mr. T.C. was treated with Xifacan, antibiotics to decrease the production of ammonia. Lactulose to aide in excreting the ammonia…

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