Hemolysis

After the incubation period, the agar containing the antibiotic testing was taken out and if the microbe reacted with the antibiotic, a circle or clearing would appear around the disk containing the antibiotic. The diameter of this circle was then measured and compared with a table found on page 95 of the Microbiology Lab Manual to understand the antibiotics resistance, intermediate and sensitive levels, as they differ for each antibiotic. The numbers on the table in the Microbiology Lab…

negative with no halo observed on the plate. Blood Agar Plate (BAP) was used to determine the hemolytic activity of the gram-positive bacteria. Similarly to the CNA plate, no hemolytic activity was observed indicating that the bacterium shows gamma hemolysis characteristics. A tube of Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride soft agar deeps (TTC Deep) was used for each unknown organism which tested for the motility of the bacterium. The observation recorded showed the gram-positive bacteria had no…

NAME UKAH R.C MATRIC NUMBER NSC/2014/887 COURSE CODE PCL 304 ASSIGNMENT : QUESTION NUMBER 1: LIST THE PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOTHERAPEAUTIC RESISTANCE Introduction: PRINCIPLE : Principle is an essential factors or elements that may have impact on the survival mechanism, which may either be from environment or the person taking the drugs or factor participating may engineer drug resistance. RESISTANCE: It is reduction in…

Chemical composition of wheat flour and lemon balm. Data represented in figer (1) indicate to the chemical composition of wheat flour and lemon balm as raw materials in the formula of g /1oo g of dry weight basis. The lemon balm contains (17.10g, 16.11g and 50.56g) of protein, fiber and carbohydrates respectively. While the wheat flour as raw material contains (11.86g, 0.69g, and 75.69g) of protein, fiber and carbohydrates respectively. Assay of polyphenolic compounds of lemon balm leaves. Figer…

Potter (2001) mentioned that C. perfringens spores may contaminate meat and meat products either before processing and survive cooking or after processing due to unhygienic handling of prepared food. Adak et al. (2002) reported that deaths due to C. perfringens (type A) food poisoning are rare but may occur in the elderly and debilitated. It is estimated to kill seven people in the USA, and between 50 and 100 people in UK yearly. Asha and Wilcox (2002) reported that the first C. perfringens…

Preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia are part of a spectrum of hypertensive disorders specific to pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide. The root cause of hypertensive disorders specific to pregnancy is the placenta. As the cytotrophoblastic tissue of the placenta fails to widen the maternal spiral arteries – this is called decreased spiral remodeling. This causes decreased tissue perfusion (ischemia) in the…

acids , cholesterol and bilirubin (38). CCL4 may affects the integrity of liver cells , by the same manner it effect on the structure and function of erythrocyte membrane and increase the erythrocyte fragility , this in turn leads to erythrocyte hemolysis and hemoglobin breakdown (39).On other hand, increase of bilirubin in CCL4 treated rats may be attributed to hepatic damage which ends up in cirrhosis associated to oxidative stress where oxidation of fatty acids in hepatocytes membrane and the…

Introduction Gardnerella Vaginalis also known as Bacterial Vaginosis is a bacterial infection normally found in the female’s genital tract [5]. This can cause a female to go through abnormal vaginal odor and discharge. Generally an unpleasant fishy smell with a yellow or white discharge [2]. Garnerella Vaginalis otherwise Bacterial Vaginosis can be contracted through vaginal douching, multiple or new sex partners and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Bacterial Vaginosis is not only…

How does the human genome sequence and more specifically the individual genes affect our response to medicine? Before this question can be answered you must know understand what the genome and the gene is exactly and what it does. A gene is the basic physical and fundamental unit of heredity, made up of deoxyribonucleic acid that carries a certain set of genetic instructions. The human genome is estimated to have up to 25,000 genes, varying in size with some carrying a few hundred DNA bases,…

According to “Essentials of Pathophysiology” by Carol Porth, “sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin S [HbS]) leads to chronic hemolytic anemia, pain, and organ failure”. The recessive gene is inherited and appears as the sickle cell trait if heterozygous or sickle cell disease if homozygous with two HbS genes. The amount of hemoglobin that is affected by the gene depends on if they are heterozygous or homozygous, and therefore affects the gravity…