Hemoglobin

All organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates, must have necessary nutrients to maintain life. In invertebrates, either a transport system or diffusion provides nutrients to the body. For vertebrates, a closed transport is used to transport blood away from the heart. Both of these scenarios are key to an organism 's health. Some invertebrates do not require a circulatory system. While these organisms do not require a circulatory system, they require certain nutrients to be readily available.…

1. The actual volume of oxygen consumed per minute, V̇O2, is calculated using an equation that is a reasonable estimate, but one must keep in mind that said equation is based on the fact that both the volume of inspired and expired air are equal and that there is no change within the gases that are stored inside the body. The same can be said for the equation that is used to calculate the volume of carbon dioxide that is produced per minute, V̇CO2. However, since it there is in fact a change in…

ventricular end diastolic pressure and preload. It has a quick onset of action of less than 2 minutes and a duration of up to 10 minutes. The half-life of nitroprusside is approximately 2 minutes. As it is metabolized, nitroprusside will combine with hemoglobin to produce cyanmethemoglobin and 4 cyanide anions. Cyanmethemoglobin…

me better than the classic ones. I remember a case presented by a classmate, of a young man who was admitted with nephrotic syndrome. Instead of having hypercoaguable state he was reported to bleed massively from epistaxis and hematoschezia. His hemoglobin level went from 10 mg/dL to 6 mg/dL in 1 episode. He was transfused with PRC to Hb of 8 mg/dL and the bleeding stopped. The presentation rose a discussion of several issues. However, there was no mention as to why he bled. During Q&A session,…

trust. By earning the trust of your patient you can competently make an optimum decisions on their behalf. My older cousin who is a Jehovah Witness was in a horrible care accident 4 years ago. During the accident she lost a lot of blood and her hemoglobin levels become extremely low. The doctors were able to preform surgery and replace the blood that was lost without giving her a blood…

hypoxia. “Each year, more than 400 Americans die from unintentional CO poisoning not linked to fires, more than 20,000 visit the emergency room, and more than 4,000 are hospitalized.”(CDC, 2015) CO requires long treatment times as it binds to the hemoglobin on blood, making the cells useless and starving the body for oxygen. HCN has similar effect as CO, it also It interferes with oxygen use in the body. “Exposure to the CO-HCN mixture has demonstrated that these gases have additive effects,…

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (CO) and the consequent decrease in blood flow throughout the body leads to many widespread effects. For example, when CO is too low, the body starts to prioritize and will decrease blood flow to certain organs, such as the digestive viscera, in order to maintain needed blood flow in organs such as the brain. As a result, a person with CHF will have issues with cachexia and malnutrition because the body is not…

protect the body from infectious diseases. Erythrocytes function is delivering oxygen to organs and cells via the bloods circulatory system. Platelets function is to clot blood so that it prevents any blood loss. Firstly the main protein is called hemoglobin, functioning to transport oxygen to the entire body including every tissue from the lungs, then transporting c02 back to the lungs. Furthermore fibrinogen is a protein in the matrix which works with the platelets to make blood clots and…

and phosphorus compounds, and animal wastes contain high levels of nitrate. The use of fertilizers thus can produce high nitrate (a nitrogen-oxygen compound) and phosphate (a phosphorus-oxygen compound) in natural waters. Nitrate can combine with hemoglobin so that oxygen transport in the body is inhibited. This is a potentially serious threat to infants. Water high in phosphorus can stimulate the growth of organisms such as algae. As the abundant algae die and drop to the bottom of a body of…

Two significant events set a precedent for creating reforms and programs for the workplace, which were Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire and Gauley Bridge Disaster. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire took 146 women lives. The incident took place March 25, 1911 in New York City on a Saturday afternoon. Usually on a typical day, the bosses would lock the doors and stairwells so the women could not leave their station and/or sewing machine. The fire broke out on the 8th floor, Eva Harris, one of…