Hemoglobin

refers to the upper flat part(Plateau) of the curve, which is related to the process of O2 uptake in the lungs. In a standard curve up to 120mmHg, the curve will show that at 100mmHg or above, the hemoglobin is 100% saturated. It is vital to note that even if pO2 falls to 60mmHg for example, the Hemoglobin saturation will still be 90%. Therefore, the loading zone provides a margin of safety because it ensure fairly high uptake of O2 by pulmonary blood even when alveolar pO2 is moderately…

Sickle Cell Disease There are many different types of hereditary diseases that affect people’s lives every day. One of them being sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease or sickle cell anemia “is the result of abnormal hemoglobin” (Bloom 3). Hemoglobin is the “oxygen-carrying molecule of the red blood cell” (Bloom 3). In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells take shape of a crescent moon, leading to lifelong health problems. Sickle cell disease is an obstacle for thousands of people’s lives…

if she definitely has diabetes and if so, what type of diabetes (type 1 or type 2). One test that can be done is the Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This is a blood test indicates the patients average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. It measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin. The higher the blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin the patient has with sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates that the patient…

The four forces of evolution include natural selection, mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift. Natural selection is the foremost force in evolution. It states that biological traits which increase survival will become more frequent in each subsequent generation. It is the most prominent force in evolution because members of a population that inherit these traits live longer, and produce more offspring. Another force of evolution is mutation, the only cause of new genetic material. A mutation is…

history, advances in molecular biology allow molecular biologist to discover new genetic diseases. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder in which there is a single amino acid substitution, which alters the structure and function of the hemoglobin. Although one might think that this disease only affects the circulatory system it actually affects many of the body’s systems, disrupting its functional processes. People who have sickle cell anemia have different severity of symptoms. Some…

future. The Lancet, 383(9922), 1068-1083. McKenzie, A. L., Hallberg, S. J., Creighton, B. C., Volk, B. M., Link, T. M., Abner, M. K., ... & Phinney, S. D. (2017). A Novel Intervention Including Individualized Nutritional Recommendations Reduces Hemoglobin A1c Level, Medication Use, and Weight in Type 2 Diabetes. JMIR Diabetes, 2(1), 5. Ullrich, S. S., Fitzgerald, P. C., Schober, G., Steinert, R. E., Horowitz, M., & Feinle-Bisset, C. (2016). Intragastric administration of leucine or isoleucine…

widespread avoidable ecological health hazard. The CBC analysis has an enormous effect on lead poisoning, the CBC laboratory appraisal answers arrays of question-related to quantity of RBCs, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the blood (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, Blosser, & Garzon, 2017; Camitta & Slye, 2012). According to Camitta…

prevalent in tribal populations in the rural sectors of India. “Sickle cell disease or SCD is an inherited abnormality of the red blood cell characterized by chronic haemolytic anemia with numerous clinical consequences” (Ugwu 87). The shape of hemoglobin, which gives red blood cells their color is turned from an oval to a crescent shape when the sickle cell gene is present. The sickle shaped cells cause blockage of capillaries which leads to many symptoms such as chronic pain, pneumonia,…

this symptom is because lead is toxic to the brain and body mainly attacking younglings according to MWPH. II) Slight Anemia Anemia could be a result of lead poisoning, with current history of the patient one can see that iron deficiency and low hemoglobin counts were presented…

cell disease is caused by a mutation. The National Human Genome Research Institute stated “Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11” (2). So, the mutation specifically will lie on chromosome eleven with a beta-globin gene. This specific gene provides information on how to make a specific type of hemoglobin (3). Therefore, the mutated gene will change the information on how to make beta-globin successfully, ultimately changing the structure of…