Hemoglobin

CADASIL Disease Disease Overview Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the metabolic condition caused by a production of abnormal Notch 3 receptor proteins. The result of these abnormal proteins causes thickening of blood vessel walls that block the flow of blood to the brain. This is caused by a mutation in the Notch 3 gene. Cells containing abnormal Notch 3 receptor proteins results in disrupted normal functionality and…

Arterial diameter, diffusion distance, and proportion of wrapping were manually measured for vessel pairs that were matched in both the light micrographs and micro-CT images in a blinded manner. Artery-vein pairs were identified, matched in both micro-CT and light microscopy images, and then labelled. Measurements were first made for the artery-vein pairs in the light micrographs. Then, measurements were made for the artery-vein pairs in the micro-CT images. A total of 25 vessel pairs were…

Iron (Fe3+) is a metal that rusts when it is exposed to air, it is also an important nutrient in the human body 1. The form of iron found in foods which is (Fe3+) is different to the type of iron that is absorbed by the body Fe2+ 2. Fe3+ is an iron mixed with oxygen, this is an insoluble form of iron 3. However, the body converts this iron into the form of ferrous which is soluble (Fe2+) 3. Iron is a vital component of not only the human body but also other living things 3. This is due to the…

Assessing the current and historical health history of the pregnant woman directs the appropriate antenatal care, allowing planning of appropriate intrapartum management, whilst preparing postpartum and postnatal care options. Effective antenatal advice provided by midwives’ enables the patient to make informed choices regarding care during pregnancy (3Centres Collaboration, 2012e; Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council [AHMAC], 2012; AHMAC, 2014). Reviewing and monitoring progress…

High Altitude Training In fairly recent times, fitness as well as health and wellness has become rather popular. Along with this popularity has come methods and tools to provide for individuals who may not have access to the items or locations in which are prime for training. One particular training methodology is called “high altitude training”, and it is literally what it sounds like: training at high altitudes. The “official” ranges of altitude that are accepted are: sea level (0…

Hemophilia is a genetic disease that affects the blood. There are two types of this disease, they are classified as Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. This genetic disease is most commonly found in males, although, the gene is passed down from the mother, the “carrier.” However, it has been discovered that hemophilia can occur in females, though it is rare. Hemophilia A is the classic type of this disorder where the affected individuals have a profound deficiency in Factor VIII, a part of your…

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease. It occurs due to the change of single nucleotide in the beta globin chain. In this disease, normal red blood cells get changed into to sickle shaped or disc shaped showing concave from the center. They may change their shape in the form of banana. Cause of disease: Sickle cell anemia is caused due to deficiency of iron in the body which results in change in the shape of red blood cells. How it occurs: Red blood cells are flexible due to which they…

Introduction HELLP syndrome is a serious liver disorder. The letters in HELLP stand for these problems: H – Hemolytic anemia, hemolysis. This refers to the destruction of blood cells. EL – Elevated liver enzymes. This is a sign of liver damage. LP – Low platelet count. This refers to blood cells that help stop bleeding. HELLP syndrome is thought to be severe type of preeclampsia, a disorder of pregnancy that causes high blood pressure and other problems. In most cases, the syndrome develops…

Introduction Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes. It is caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced by the normal breakdown of red blood cells. In the newborn period, red blood cells break down rapidly, but the liver is not ready to process the extra bilirubin efficiently. The liver may take 1–2 weeks to develop completely. Jaundice usually lasts for about 2–3 weeks in babies who are breastfed. Jaundice…

that higher glycosylated hemoglobin is a proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) risk factor only in DR patients from mitochondrial haplogroup H and not in those from other European mitochondrial haplogroups. The purpose of this study was to use our existing patient cohort to determine if there is a relationship between hemoglobin concentration and DR severity. We also aimed to determine whether mitochondrial haplogroups H and UK are associated with differences in hemoglobin concentrations as a…