Hemiptera

The Spaniards subjected the land of the Aztecs and the Mayans. It was then called the land of Mexico where the cacao trees were first seen. The Spaniards then shipped the cacao to the Philippines through the use of the galleon trading system. The Philippines was the first country outside Mesoamerica that plants and grows cacao. It became more popular to the country and also to the other parts of the world. As stated by the Cacao Manual published by the Inter-American Institute of American…

It is approximately 900,000 species of insects have been described and recorded. Insects belong to phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta. Five orders of insects with high species richness include Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Insects basic morphology are three pairs of legs, a segmented body divided into three (head, thorax and abdomen) or two, exoskeleton and for some species, they usually have wings. The biodiversity of insects is undervalued nowadays when in fact…

1.0 INTRODUCTION The cocoa plant, Theobroma cacao was introduced into Malaysia in 1950 for commercial planting and follow by grindings industry in 1973. Both activity of cocoa was influence position and perspective of Malaysia and it will become producing and processing country that provides cocoa. Other than oil palm and rubber industry, the one of the commodity crop in Malaysia is cocoa industry (Azhar I and Lee. M. T, 2004). Unfortunately, the area of cocoa plantation on 1989 is 414 236 ha…

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Porifera Classification information for Poriferans: Poriferans, better known as sponges, consist of 5000 known species, all located primarily in marine and fresh waters (Myers, 2001a). They are multicellular, heterotrophic, invertebrates with an irregular shape and no distinct pattern of symmetry (Myers, 2001a). Overall, they are the simplest of animals; thus, lacking any true tissue and/or germ layers (Myers, 2001a). Furthermore, they are known to be highly sessile,…