Heme

presence of a heme group that has a role in interactions with amino acids (4). As of what concerns hemoglobin, it is the protein responsible for the red color in blood cells and also the most important respiratory protein as it has an important role in the transport of oxygen to tissue cells and the return of carbon dioxide. The molecular weight of bovine hemoglobin is about 64.5 kDa. In terms of its structure, hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of 2 pairs of polypeptide chains and 4 heme…

There is a major controversy in the nutrition world over which is healthier, red meat (beef, pork, and lamb) or white meat (chicken and turkey). Both meats are full of protein, however too much of either can cause many adverse health effects. The consumption of meat is on the rise and the United States is the highest consumer of meat (Trends in meat consumption in the USA. Daniel, C. R., Cross, A. J., Koebnick, C., & Sinha, R.). With a fast-acting rise of meat consumption, people should be aware…

As Bayry et al explains in their journal article antibodies from healthy immune groups will somehow bind to heme and acquire the ability to recognize multiple antigens. It was originally thought that all antibodies bonded to their individual antigens in a lock and key sort of function. However, several similar studies, such as the experiment performed by Bayry et al, have led to a much different consensus. It has now been determined that many antibody molecules are capable of changing its…

I am sorry to break this to you girls, but you might not be eating as healthily as you think. We spoke to experts at Harvard recently and we’ve got some bad news. If you’re eating meat, chances are you’re at a higher risk for heart problems, diabetes and even cancer. Doctors are recommending that vegetarianism is the way to go. A vegetarian, is someone who chooses not to eat meat. This is often confused with a vegan, who does not consume animal products. People become vegetarians for a number…

Consumption of extra iron in the form of fortified formula for infants has been a concern amongst Australian scientists due to its association with Parkinson’s disease and dementia. A lack of iron in the diet may cause anaemia which lowers the ability of the haemoglobin to carry oxygen which will cause fatigue and even worse, cardiac arrest. Conversely, excess intake of iron may cause Parkinson’s disease, it is a neurodegenerative disorder leads to progressive deterioration of motor function…

There are two main types of gas exchanges in the respiratory system. Alveolar gas exchange or external respiration and the systemic gas exchange which is also considered to be internal respiration. The Alveolar Gas exchange is the inhalation of Oxygen and the exhalation of Carbon Dioxide into the pulmonary artery. The pressure gradients affect how oxygen can diffuse down across the respiratory membrane from the alveolar air into the blood, or carbon dioxide diffusing from the capillary into…

Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) is a miraculous health treasure from the sea accommodating a well-balanced amount of nutritional values including minerals, trace elements, and it is particularly marked with its beneficial properties of iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, potassium and copper. It contributes to satisfy the recommended daily doses of vitamins in addition to containing significant properties of beta-carotene and vitamin B12. In fact, wakame is dark green seaweed which helps…

Kalyani et al (2009) studied an isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 from the waste disposal sites of local textile industries in India, with the objective of evaluate an ecofriendly textile dyes biodegradation. To isolate the microorganism, they first collected a soil sample from the waste disposal site and inoculated the sample in a nutrient medium with a dye. Then they incubated and plated in agar with dye. The colonies that had a halo of decolorization were selected to be submitted to…

Lupus Nephritis We identified three studies that analyzed the prevalence and correlates of lupus nephritis (LN) in a total of 428 patients [46-48] (Table 1). The follow-up period varied from less than 1 year up to 10 years. End-stage renal disease requiring dialysis (ESRD) was the most common complication reported (Table 1). Kidney biopsy was the most frequent method applied for diagnosis [46, 48]. However, some studies also analyzed clinical, serological, and immunological data [46] or employed…

Fender’s jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in her blood and tissues. Bilirubin is a byproduct of worn out erythrocytes. Hemoglobin from worn-out erythrocytes is broken down into heme and iron. The iron is recycled, and the heme is further degraded into bilirubin, bound to albumin, and carried to the liver. The liver removes it from the blood and excretes it into the intestines as bile. When the liver is damaged (as in cirrhosis or hepatitis), bilirubin…