Heme

Vegetarianism not only offers greater health benefits but also improves many issues with animal cruelty and even economic problems. In the last few years the number of people choosing a plant-based diet has doubled, making vegetarianism the most popular diet amongst the younger generations. A vegetarian is a person who does not eat meat, poultry, or fish. Vegetarians eat mainly fruit, vegetables, grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts. Many eat eggs and dairy products but avoid hidden animal products…

There have been discoveries of haplotypes for distinct region specific mutations of the HbS genes. The four African Haplotypes include the Senegal, Benin, Bantu, and Cameroon haplotypes. There has also been one discovery of an Asian haplotype referred to as the Arab-Indian haplotype [1]. The occurrence of these haplotypes indicates that the increase in sickle cell anemia is related to the incidence of malaria in the surrounding regions [8]. Evidence that supports the link between the…

The second mechanism is by directly enhance the fetal hemoglobin production due to that during the metabolism of hydroxyurea there is a huge amount of nitric oxide where produced and lead to the stimulation of heme iron containing enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase, and as a result of this reaction a fetal hemoglobin will produced (Platt, 2008). Therefore, hydroxyurea overcome the bad effects of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), which causes a damage of the cell membrane…

I. Question: Do polyphenols prevent dementia? II. Introduction: As the elderly population continues to grow, dementia is becoming more prevalent around the world today.1-3 According to Alzheimer’s Disease International, the number of dementia cases is expected to increase from 47 million in 2015 to 135 million by 2050.1 Currently, there is no cure or effective therapies available for dementia. However, vast scientific literature provides significant evidence that addressing modifiable risk…

According to “Essentials of Pathophysiology” by Carol Porth, “sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin S [HbS]) leads to chronic hemolytic anemia, pain, and organ failure”. The recessive gene is inherited and appears as the sickle cell trait if heterozygous or sickle cell disease if homozygous with two HbS genes. The amount of hemoglobin that is affected by the gene depends on if they are heterozygous or homozygous, and therefore affects the gravity…

components into surrounding tissue (121). Key players that help mediate necrosis include ROS, Calcium ions, poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and lysosomal proteases (888). PARP is an enzyme that is responsible for repairing DNA damage, such as strand breaks. Cells that have undergone a traumatic cellular insult typically have damaged DNA. PARP will deplete cellular ATP in an attempt to repair the massive damage to DNA. Several proteases are activated by increased cellular calcium ion…

In the eighteenth century, physicians did not have the access to the technology that the medical field has today. They often mistreated patients because they did not have the proper information needed for a specific diagnosis. There were even times that the royal family was seen as mad due to a misdiagnosis. King George III of Great Britain is one of the most known cases. All throughout his lifetime people thought he was insane, but he was actually suffering from a genetic disorder known today…

radicals Colon cancer, in most cases, is due to too much intake of lean meat and high-cholesterol foods. Over time, it can progress to the formation of unknown tumors that further deteriorates our health. When the substance from the lean meat called “heme” reacts with the oxidised cholesterol substance (via a process called lipid peroxidation reaction) from the high lipid foods, it leads to the formation of bad radicals. These so called lipid peroxide radicals are the same group of free…

Abstract: Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that enable the red blood cell to bind oxygen in the lung and transport the oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body. Oxygen binds reversibly to these iron atoms and is carried throughout the blood. As part of the experiment, we computed the concentration of hemoglobin and iron in a crystalline blood sample by measuring the absorbance of the sample as methemoglobin and cynamethemoglobin at 450-650nm. Furthermore, the…

Patient Initials: XY Age: 60 Sex: M SUBJECTIVE DATA: Client Complaints: Acute abdominal pain after eating with nausea HPI: The patient came in with complaints of acute abdominal pain. He verbalized that his acute onset of abdominal pain started last evening after eating. He is also experiencing a gnawing hunger pain in the umbilical area. He also feels nauseous but no vomiting. He felt warm and sweaty last night that he believed he may have had a fever. His symptoms subsided after he sat…