Hematuria

Acute renal failure is the sudden dysfunction or disease of the kidneys that can significantly impair renal function within the body. According to Huether and McCance (2012), renal failure is characterized by enough of a decline of renal function to require dialysis. Renal failure is after renal risk and injury, but prior to renal loss and end-stage kidney disease (Huether & McCance, 2012, p755). The dysfunctions the lead to acute kidney failure can be caused due to sudden renal injuries or by…

History of Present Problem: The patient is a 40-year-old Caucasian female who presents to clinic accompanied by her husband for evaluation and treatment of left ankle pain. The patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident at age 19 and sustained an open fracture and dislocation of left bi-malleolar ankle fracture as well as a torn right anterior cruciate (ACL). She underwent an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of the left ankle fracture emergently. After the left ankle healed, a right…

Cystoscopy and Standard TURB are still the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis and initial treatment of NMIBC. TURB has been carried out by using the monopolar resectoscopes. Recently, the bipolar resectoscopes, which is used for transurethral resection of the prostate, was introduced for the treatment of bladder cancer. Several advantages are associated with the use of bipolar technology: the fluid of irrigation is a saline solution, so reduction of morbidity due to the TUR syndrome,…

Scientific Name: Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Common names: fleabane, mare’s-tail, horseweed, butterweed; Synonyms: Leptilon canadense (L.), Britton Erigeron canadensis L. (Mulligan 1992), : INTRODUCTION Conyza Canadensis Linn. belongs to the family Compositae. It is also known as fleabane and horseweed. It is widely dispersed in pakistan including Punjab, Western Himalayas and Kashmir. It was originated from North America. It can be seen everywhere in meadows,…

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that affects red blood cells. The sickle cell gene inherited form both parents causes the production of structurally abnormal hemoglobin, clinical known as hemoglobin S, which cluster together, causing red blood cells to become rigid and develop a crescent shape. These sickled cells become trapped in small blood vessel and block them, reducing blood and oxygen flow in many parts of the body, and leading to tissue and organ damage.…

According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, and Camera (2014), pyelonephritis is defined as inflammation of the renal parenchyma, collecting system, and renal pelvis. Pyelonephritis can be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis, the more common type, usually results from colonization and infection of the lower urinary tract that if left untreated can ascend through the urethral route and infect the kidneys (Lewis et al., 2014). Chronic pyelonephritis occurs when the kidneys…

At this moment, this young boy fits the diagnosis of Normocytic anemia with increased red cell production along with leukopenia. The patient presents with symptoms consistent with severe anemia including of pallor, fatigue, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension. The patient’s new systolic ejection murmur is most likely related to increased semilunar flow due to the anemia. The recent throat infection and subsequent antibiotic treatment are the most probable cause of these symptoms. The…

A trauma patient sustains a crush injury and rapidly develops hyperkalemia. Which of the following treatments primarily acts to neutralize the effects of hyperkalemia on the cellular membrane? A: Insulin and glucose • This combination can be used to treat hyperkalemia however it does not work on the cellular membrane. Insulin lowers the serum potassium concentration by forcing the potassium back into the cell. This is done by enhancing the activity of the Na-K pump. The reason glucose is also…

Patient Afib is a 58 year old, Caucasian, married male. The patient has been healthy most of his life with no significant health issues until the beginning of this year. One night, in April of 2016, patient Afib began to experience chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting prompting him to visit the emergency room. Subsequent tests revealed that patient Afib had symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Physicians in the ER stated that patient Afib probably had had atrial fibrillation for a…

negative results do not rule out infections in a patient with a strongly suggestive history for Urinary tract infections. Microscopic examination of urine showing at least 10 white blood cells per cubic millimetre is considered significant pyuria. Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine is also a commonly associated with…