Hematology

According to Erickson’s stages of development theory my patient is in the adulthood stage ranging from 40-64 years of age. He’s 50 years old. This range represents generativity vs. stagnation and significant relationships are focused on those in the house hold and workmates. The primary concern is in guiding the next generation and contributing to society. My patient is the only source of income for his self and his family and has been for the past 30 years. He makes a decent amount of money and…

Aim 2. Toxicity testing. In these experiments we aim to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of each drug, using the recommended dosing schedule. We will measure weight gain/loss and will assess toxicity through additional parameters (e.g. haematology analysis). Aim 3. Efficacy testing. In these experiments we will measure the effects of drugs on the progression of the leukaemia, measured as the proportion of human leukaemic cells in the peripheral blood. We will do this either as a…

CASE STUDY 1 1. The cardiovascular system consists of the following- Blood – It is a red color fluid in the body. Heart – It is also called the control center of our body. It pumps and collects blood to and from the various parts of our body. Blood vessels – Blood vessels are path through which transport medium circulates in our body. 2. The functions of cardiovascular system are as follows- Transportation- It transports blood to all the parts of body. The blood delivers oxygen and nutrients…

Blood transfusion is a process in which blood is injected from one healthy human being to a patient; whom might be losing too much blood or suffering from an illness that requires more blood. This medical procedure is crucial in saving numerous lives. The first successful human-to-human blood transfusion was performed by James Blundell in 1818, yet a large number of patients had died because of wrong blood transfusion operations. The great discovery of Karl Landsteiner’s classification of ABO…

Jehovah’s Witnesses pose great challenges to the medical field by refusing to accept blood transfusions. A variety of aspects of medicine, such as surgery and trauma, use blood transfusions for the preservation of life. Philip Baron, a professor or law, argues that the state has interests in preserving human life as well as “protecting the professional ethics and discretion of the medical profession”. These two interests create conflict between upholding patient autonomy and preserving human…

Other types of anaemia include: 1. THALASSAEMIA: Thalassaemia are inherited blood disorders which cause the body to make fewer healthy red blood cells and less haemoglobin (an iron-rich protein in red blood cells). The two major types of thalassaemia are alpha- and beta thalassaemia. Haemoglobin in red blood cells has two kinds of protein chains: alpha globin and beta globin. If the body doesn't make enough of these protein chains, red blood cells don't form properly and can't carry enough…

An infant is born to two parents. The father has type A blood and the mother has type B blood. A sample of the infant’s blood is sent for blood typing. When the infant’s blood is subjected to forward typing, there is no agglutination. When back-typing is performed, the infant’s serum causes agglutination with both type A and type B RBCs. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of these results? A. The infant has type A blood. B. The infant has type AB blood. C. The infant has…

Hereditary Spherocytosis and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Introduction Scientifically, hereditary spherocytosis has been known to be a form of an unusual disorder that generically affects a considerable populace around the globe. By definition, hereditary spherocytosis is a term that is accorded to an inherited blood condition that contains abnormally shaped red blood cells (RBCs) (Hsiao et al, 2013). This abnormality has been associated with the reduction of RBCs supply and results into an…

Footstrike Hemolysis Footstrike hemolysis happens when red blood cells in the foot break down faster than usual. This is usually due to repeated contact between the foot and the ground. This condition often happens to long-distance runners. It can also happen to other athletes, including dancers and hikers. This condition may also be called march hemoglobinuria. This condition may cause part of the red blood cells (hemoglobin) to appear in the urine, making the urine red (hematuria). In most…

Polycythemia Vera Polycythemia vera (PV) is a form of blood cancer. Another name for this type of disease is myeloproliferative disease. This means your bone marrow produces too many red blood cells. Bone marrow is the spongy center of long bones where blood cells are produced. If you have PV, your bone marrow may also make too many white blood cells and clotting cells (platelets). Almost all people with PV have an abnormal gene (genetic mutation) that causes changes in the way the bone…