Helium

Are you at home in joy, or is joy just a place you visit from time to time when the stars align and conditions are somehow just right? For far too many of us, joy is less like home base, and more like an infrequently visited vacation place, which we think of wistfully and longingly during the emotionally turbulent trials and tribulations of Earth life. But according to the way you are designed, you are intended to live in joy. Joy is to be your emotional "default setting"--the emotional state…

Supercritical fluids are related to superfluids through the concept of Cooper pairs. In a conductive material, such as copper, the flow of electrons move towards the largest positive terminal. The reason why copper is a good conductor is because it is able to lose electrons in its outer shell, and become slightly positive. The combination of the electrons repelling each other, and their attraction towards both the slightly positive copper atoms and positive terminal lead to the electrons…

To understand the Geology of Mars, or any other planet, it is necessary to have knowledge of formation of the Universe that lead to the assimilation of galaxies and all contained within them. This is essay will look at the beginning of the universe and the chemical reactions which led to the formation of stars, planets, moons, asteroid belts, comets and meteorites. Then, focusing on Mars, discuss the planets geological features and the instruments used to study them, from its inner core to upper…

Through the understanding of the structure of the atom, scientist were able to isolate system of electrons and atomic nucleus. The atomic part of physics is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which the arrangements was changed. Atomic theory has affected the field of physics in a way that has given scientist knowledge on how to produce an atomic bomb. Scientists has differentiated between atomic physics that deals with the atom as a…

Koutsomichalis et al (2008) discussed that having high hardness and good adhesion with the substrate the sprayed coating exhibited satisfactory wear resistance. Tungsten carbide is an advanced ceramic material combining a unique set of properties such as high hardness, high melting point, wear resistance, good thermal shock resistance, thermal conductivity and good resistance against oxidation. They can be applied as coatings by thermal spraying processes such as plasma-spraying, high-velocity…

I’ve been on this ship with the Hesperis crew for two months now. We are somewhere in the middle of space between Earth and Venus. Travelling to Venus takes about 5 months, which means I still have three months of living (a very generous term for this situation in my opinion) in a 300 ft3 room with three other people [1, 2]. Trust me it’s not fun. It is difficult enough to live in a cramped living area by myself. The most common topic when discussing human space travel is the effects radiation…

Saturn’s mass is 5.6832 x 1026 kg and has an overall surface area of 4.2612 x 1010 km2 . There is an orbital period of 29.42yr and the length of day would be 10.7 earth hours. This planet is made up of 94% hydrogen and 6% helium, along with small amounts of methane and ammonia. The hydrogen is in sheet-like layers that become denser as it moves closer into the planet and eventually the hydrogen will become metallic. Saturn’s very hot core is made up of rock, ice, water, and…

The medical use of radioactive isotopes for cancer treatment can be classified as radiation therapy. The radiation that specific isotopes give off are utilized for effecting cancer cells. First of all, what is radiation? Radiation is energy that is carried by waves of streams of particles. The energy from radiation damages the genes (DNA) in the cancer cells. The damage done to the cells prevent them from growing and dividing, and often cause them to die off. Nearby normal and healthy cells can…

This lab module covers the subjects of optical spectroscopy of gas discharges and bond stiffness of materials. Optical spectroscopy can be observed using different types of equipment, such as, a spectrometer, a light collecting fiber, and tubes of certain types of gas (He, H2O, H2 and O2). The data collected displays the peak wavelengths for each of the gases, which can be used to determine the energy released when the electrons change energy levels. Overall, it was interesting to see how…

For my science reader project I read the first one hundred pages of the book, Why Nothing Can Travel Faster than Light and Other Explorations in Nature’s Curiosity Shop. In the first one hundred pages I read twelve short essays that addressed topics ranging from measuring the vastness of our universe to global warming In the first story I read, Sky Wanderers, the authors taught me about a beneficial acronym (My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Pies) to remember the names of the planets in order…