Helium

Uranus, the ice giant, is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of about 2.9 billion km away. It has hydrogen and helium upper layer like the other gas giants, Uranus also has an icy mantle which surrounds its rock and iron core. The upper crystals give Uranus its distinctive pale blue color. . Uranus has the largest tilt of any planet in our solar system and spins on its side. It 20 year long seasons because of its unusual orientation, the planet experiences extreme variations in…

How a Geiger counter works is when Radiation is moving around randomly or coming out of a tested radioactive substance outside the detector tube, the radiation enters the gap on the end of the tube. When the radioactive nuclei and the inert gas molecules(this is found in the tube) bump into each other it causes ionization, some of the gas molecules are turned into positive ions and electrons, the positive ions are attracted to the outside of the tube. The electrons are attracted to a metal wire…

The atmosphere of Venus is composed of mainly of carbon dioxide and some nitrogen, though there are trace amounts of other compounds and elements within it's atmosphere such as carbon monoxide, argon, neon, and helium. This combination of elements and compounds makes the atmospheric pressure of Venus more than ninety times heavier than the Earth's. The clouds upon Venus reflect so much of the sun's light that is impossible for human's to view it's surface. This…

The surface of Mercury has awesome features, including a variety of craters, ridges, and terrains.There is a very thin atmosphere around Mercury. Mercury's atmosphere has small amounts of hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun this means that mercury is not so far from the sun. Mercury is 35.98 million miles away from the sun. Mercury is 48 million miles away from earth. Mercurys days are 58d 15h 30m that's a long day…

Mercury:The surface geology of the planet Mercury can be very easily described as - Rocky. Because of this it bears as strong resemblance to the earths moon. This is due the the heavily cratered surface which has been caused by asteroids which has caused these giant craters in the planets surface, leaving pulverized dust and boulders behind. The reason all of the asteroids were able to hit the surface of this planet is because its magnetic field is not strong enough to deflect or slow them down…

PCR History The invaluable molecular technique known as PCR, or the polymerase chain reaction, was discovered by a biochemist named Kary Mullis. Mullis was doing research in the early 1980s at a biotechnology company in California when he initially thought of the idea regarding PCR. PCR was developed by a combination of several techniques already in existence; the synthesis of oligonucleotides and their utilization to synthesize new copies of DNA that were specific using DNA polymerases. Mullis…

which results in the release of many photons. The photons released are the light that we see. The light produced in this reaction can have any wavelength. In the case of stars, a reaction of deuterium (basic nuclei) and hydrogen (basic atom) produce a helium atom with a photon which is seen as the main source of the illumination of the star. In the end, we are able to see that stars are made up of atoms through the use of spectral lines and our knowledge of fusion. When a telescope with a…

surgery, laparoscopy, is a common step to remedy endometriosis. In addition, small cuts (incisions) that made in the abdomen can be damage or cut out the endometrial tissues. Whereas the surgeon uses laparoscope that applies a laser, heat and beam of helium gas to remove and break down the tissues. Second, laparotomy, is a type of surgery that takes longer than laparoscopy, used when endometriosis is acute and wide. In addition to that, surgeon removes endometrial tissues by making an extensive…

nitrogen ions (Aller). Permitted lines are only found with a high power telescope; this shows that there are more possibilities of other elements within these clouds. The elements that are mostly know in Planetary nebulae are the common “hydrogen, helium, and other heavy elements” (Osterbrock).Most nebulae are made up of these elements, but this could change with more research and technological advancement. Supernovas hold sulfur molecules along with the common element in other nebulas ("The…

have already gone over near the beginning of this lecture series. The three suns of this solar system are stars, which contain mainly hydrogen gasses with a lesser amount of helium. Due to the intense force of gravity, the proximity of the hydrogen atoms in the center of these suns results in their nuclei fusing to form helium atoms. This nuclear fusion releases heat and sunlight that reaches Gnaritus and the other planets in this solar system. Hydrogen gas on the sun’s surface is mostly…