Heat transfer

In Bryan Sykes book, The Seven Daughters of Eve, he recalls the experiences he faced and obstacles he overcame while piecing together the ancestral history of Europe. The meaning of the title of his book comes from the discovery that ninety-five percent of Europeans can trace their ancestry back to seven different woman. In order to do this, the mitochondrial DNA must correspond with that of one of the seven women: Ursula, Xenia, Helena, Velda, Tara, Katrine or Jasmine. Mitochondrial DNA,…

What is the process of therapeutic cloning? The process of therapeutic cloning is removing a nucleus from an abhorrent cell and moving the nucleus into an unfertilized egg, which develops an exact replica of the parent cell, this is then called a clone. The purpose of therapeutic cloning is to strengthen the cells within the body. With the process of therapeutic cloning this then allows the cells to cure diseases that have not been cured yet, this then would allow humanity in the future to be…

From clones in Star Wars to genetically modified and cloned dinosaurs in Jurassic Park, the concept of cloning has always been portrayed as an interesting and exciting concept. The question is no longer if cloning is possible, rather if it should be done. Dolly is the name of a sheep that has the honor of being the first mammal to be cloned by a group of scientists in Scotland. Dolly was born July 5th, 1996 and passed away in 2003. She lived for six and a half years, as a normal ewe typically…

There is no doubt that science has created and supplied us with many beneficial materials things such as electricity, communication and medicine. But, with all this already magnificent inventions will there ever come a day where scientists and mankind might become too curious? A day when inventions might be made that turn out to be dangerous and harmful to us? The scary realization is that that day has already came. Scientific studies are getting more bizarre as the days go by and with that…

There are many different implications, however, there are few as controversial as therapeutic human cloning. Think of the human body as a machine for a moment. We are comprised of finely tuned mechanisms that work in harmony to allow us to live. Each of these cogs, however, are fragile and can be defective or wear-out. One solution to this problem is to supply spare parts, if you will. Well, where do these parts come from? We currently use donors that can spare the necessary organs. This is a…

trust themselves enough to move with such rigor, so they conduct robots to perform the surgeries by control sticks. The robots are manipulated into cutting the eggs with the needles and expelling the DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid. Once removed, it transfers the nucleus of a skin cell into the egg. One of the problems with stem cell research is that it takes a tremendous amount of eggs for a very small amount of stem cell lines, but it can still be very helpful in fighting the tribulations of man.…

Cloning pets might not be the holy grail that everyone is hoping for. In 1996, scientists were celebrating the success in cloning their first mammal, Dolly the sheep. Recently, they found a way to clone monkeys using the same technique. Now, anyone willing to pay the price can get their beloved pet cloned. But cloning has some serious downsides. Cloning a pet can be very expensive and uses up hard-earned money. In addition, cloning a pet has countless of side effects and cloned animals have…

Nuclear Transplantation Cloning Nuclear transplantation cloning is a way of reproducing when one is unwilling or unable to use gametes. A procedure can remove the nucleus from an oocyte and replace it with a nucleus from a somatic cell. Then, a stimulus will cause the egg cell to start replicating. The gestation part is the same as with anyone conceived; one will be gestated for nine months before birth. There are controversial views on cloning, with Kass strongly opposing the idea. One…

Cloning is nothing new. Organisms are considered clones when their entire DNA is identical. Clones are able to happen naturally as is the example of biological twins or they can be made in a lab through modern technologies. The three types of cloning that currently exist are: reproductive cloning, gene cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Cloning an organism is different from cloning a gene. The process of cloning an organism involves making an exact genetic copy of the whole thing rather than…

-In a SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and it becomes an enucleated egg cell. -The nucleus is removed because the nucleus contains the majority of the genetic information (DNA). -DNA has a double helix structure and it is made from many nucleotides -Nucleotides are made from a nitrogen base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, or Thymine), a phosphate group, and a deoxyribose. -The DNA is stored in the nucleus as chromatin, but during cell division the DNA stored as chromatin condense into…