Heart

Heart failure results in low cardiac output and inadequate filling of the arteries which causes the heart to be unable to pump enough blood to meet with tissue demand of oxygen and nutrients. Consequently, the neurohormonal system activates several feedback mechanisms. The baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus that normally inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity are blunted in the patient who is experiencing heart failure. This results in high levels of circulating…

Synopsis Detection of heart murmur in children is a common occurrence, and is frequently benign. However, concern over serious pathology is a ubiquitous response by parents and guardians and is often not abated until thorough evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist has been performed. Given the frequent delay in assessment by a pediatric cardiologist, the authors performed an observational/interventional study of parents or guardians of otherwise healthy children (n= 258 parents/guardians=178…

Fetal circulation differs greatly from that of a newborn heart. Although, outwardly appearances may seem similar. By taking an internal look we may be able to distinguish four adaptations that fetal hearts undergo while in utero. First, we must understand that the fetus receives all blood and nutrients from the parental placenta. The fetus receives this blood from the placenta through the umbilical vein. This is the first adaptation that we see in the fetal cardiovascular circulatory system.…

On its webpage “Lifestyle Changes for Heart Failure”, the American Heart Association states:” Small changes may reduce symptoms, and give you time for what matters most” (American Heart Association [AHA], 2017b). It advocates for several behavior changes, with the content being mirrored in a presentation from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), about “Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Heart Failure Care” (Kinsinger, 2014). Given that this…

Heart attacks, specifically attacks caused by blockage within the coronary artery, cause severe injury to cardiac muscle cells. These injured cells then become deficient and eventually die. This occurrence spurs repair and regenerative responses that extract dead cells and cellular debris and recruits immune cells to form new blood vessels. The main constituents of this repair process are fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are able to convert into cardiac endothelial cells through the activity of…

Diseases of the Cell Assignment: Heart-Hand syndrome & X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Heart-Hand Syndrome is also known as Holt-Oram Syndrome, where individuals are born with skeletal abnormalities of hand and arms (upper limbs) and heart problems due to the mutation of HOS1into the TBX gene. TBX gene plays a role in controlling growth of bone in the hand and arm. Also, TBX is present in chromosome 12. The symptoms include: missing thumbs, long thumb that looks a like a finger, partial or…

Introduction In 1948 the longitudinal based Framingham heart (FHS) study began. This used an initial cohort of 5, 209 men and women from Framingham MA, USA to instigate the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (Dawber 1980). The study continued to capture data from the spouse and offspring of the initial cohort; these became the second and third generations. The data from the Framingham heart study led to the development of the prediction risk profile model of CVD. This assesses…

While we see a person suffering from heart attack on screens, there is still a big difference when we see it happening on an actual event. Though many people know what heart attack is, there are only few who deeply know and understand what it is all about. As a matter of fact, heart attack is not only heart attack. There are different types of heart attacks that can happen to anyone, including you. These types of heart attacks are best determined by diagnostic tools which your doctor will need…

The Human Heart: A General Description The heart is the main organ of the cardiovascular system in the human body. Its primary function is to pump oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood throughout the 60,000 miles of blood vessels that make up this system ("Heart, 2015"). About the size of a clenched fist, the heart is located in the middle of the chest, between the lungs and nestled behind the ribcage. It lies a little to the left of the sternum. The shape of the heart is reminiscent of an upside…

Do you or someone you know have heart arrhythmia or also commonly known as an irregular heartbeat. Heart arrhythmia can be a very serious disease based on the way you live your life day to day and what goes into body everyday. If a person has a heart arrhythmia, he should study the causes, preventions and cures in order to lead the healthiest lifestyle possible. Have you ever heard of heart arrhythmia? Heart arrhythmia is also commonly known as an irregular heartbeat ( Sandhyha Pruthi M.D. www…