Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

The volcano is filled with magma, which then turns into lava when it erupts, it is white liquid when it erupts then changes colours through yellow, orange, red and then when it solidifies it turns black and hard.[Source 6] The volcano also consists of gas (such as steam and hydrogen sulfide), ash and lumps of solid volcanic rock (such as scoria).Volcanoes are at or near…

1. Introduction Ekofisk Oil Field is the North Sea’s first giant oil field which was discovered by Philips Petroleum in 1969 and approved for development in 1972. Ekofisk oil field is an oil field in block 2/4 which located at the Norwegian Continental Shelf of the North Sea (Figure 1.1). The total recoverable reserves of Ekofisk Oil field originally were 3, 324.2 million bbl oil, 156.1 bn ccm gas and 14.5 million tonnes of NGL. As of December 2012, the remaining recoverable reserves are…

1.1 Introduction to Landslide A landslide is a geological phenomenon, which includes a wide range of ground movements, such as deep or shallow failure slopes and rock falls. See figure 1.1. 1.1.1 Factors influence Landslides Landslides occur when the stability of the slope turns from the stable state to unstable state. Most of the Landslides usually cause depend on two main factors: (i) Natural Factors and (ii) Anthropogenic Factors. (USSG, 2004) (i) Natural Factors (a) Geological…

Physical geography looks at the ordinary course of the Earth, such as weather and plate tectonics. Human geography looks at the impact and behavior of people and how they relate to the physical world. Location Pinpoints different positions, people, places and locations on the earth surface. Absolute location -vs- relative location For example: Turkey is absolute between 36 degrees and 42 degrees north latitude and between 26 degrees and 45 degrees east longitude. The relative location of…

CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION Pan African Orogen (PAO) was formerly introduced by Kennedy (1964) to designate the peak of a wide spread orogenic thermo-tectonic episode characterized by intense period of reactivation and crustal formation. The term Pan African Orogen was used to describe the structural differentiation of Africa into cratons and mobile belts during the Neoproterozoic to earliest Paleozoic time (Kennedy, 1964). However, Kröner (1984) reformulate…

Abstract Snow avalanches pose a significant hazard to human populations and infrastructure in mountainous regions. Snow avalanches are the abruptly down slope movement of snow, ice, and associated debris such as rocks, and earth material. The forces generated by large avalanches can damage most man-made structures. Avalanche impacts in India, includes fatilities, is summarize for public and residential area like ski areas, roads, and resource industries. Avalanche hazard methods, in which…

Machu Picchu, the Hidden Place The city of Machu Picchu, which comes from the Quechua language, has been abandoned by the Incas of Cusco for over three-hundred years. It also stands in the Andes Mountains and lingers over the Urubamba River. It’s elevated 10,000 feet and has walls that not even a credit card can not slide through, puzzling archaeologists for many years (Schreiber 1). Machu Picchu, located in Peru, is a place filled with amazing artifacts and ruins. The buildings’ architecture…

measure almost every day. To the southeast, the Poas, Barva, Irazu and many other volcanoes form the Central Mountain's most spectacular landforms, while the higher Talamanca Mountains front its southern border with Panama. On May 27, 2010 the Pacaya volcano started erupting lava and rocks, covering Guatemala City with black…

Volcanic Application Assignment 1. Which Plate contains the Hawaiian Island-Emperor seamount chain? The Pacific plate contains the Hawaiian Island-Emperor seamount chain. This mountain range is under water mountain range, it reaches above the sea level in Hawaii. Composed a rigid mountain range it is situated in the northwest of Kure and Emperor Seamount. Starched from the northwest to southwest beneath the Pacific Ocean it consists of many seamounts, shallow banks and reefs along the line. More…

Geothermal energy is one of the oldest sources of energy. (Geo) a Latin root meaning earth and (thermo) a Greek root meaning heat, is where the word originates from. A simple way to phrase it would be that you are using renewable, heat energy from the earth. So what exactly does it do? According to an article by Alternative Energy Some forms of geothermal energy heats up groundwater. This heat eventually generates to hot spots surfacing near the surface of the crust. Examples of these hot…