Hardness

are either ionic or polar molecules to have dissolved in the water. The polar covalent molecules should have the softest surfaces while the metallic and ionic would possess the hardest surfaces. Network bonds will vary in hardness as the arrangement and shape will affect the hardness as seen in the case with carbon where graphite is soft while diamonds are extremely…

The first and second tests for the presence of ammonia and Chloride did not show any measurable results in any of the samples. The third test, the 4 in 1 test showed the Fiji bottled water to have hard water as compared to the Dasani and tap water. Fiji water had the highest chlorine content, double that of tap water. Tap water and Dasani water had higher alkaline than the Fiji water. The tap water rated highest on the phosphate content test followed by Dasani with half as much phosphates…

Evidence in Judaism and Christianity While we also find discrimination in the treatment of women within the religions of Judaism and Christianity, there were safeguards in both practices to prevent social acceptance of infanticide by its people. The Jews were clearly against the taking of any human life, and generally forbade the killing of any newborn. Each life was a gift of God and only the Holy Father could extinguish its flame. [15] Because of these facts, infanticide was rare and never…

The polyurethane segments show high intersegment attraction such as hydrogen bonding and may be able to crystallize and form hard segments. In such polymers hard segments with Tg well above normal ambient temperature are separated by polyol soft segments, which in the mass are rubbery in nature. Hard and soft segments are arranged alternate along the polymer chain. Fig.7. Polyurethane chain configuration [32] 4.2.2. Polyurethane properties and advantages for product development…

Earth is composed of many different components such as minerals, and rocks. These components have several different properties and characteristics which are unique to each. In this paper, I will discuss some of the different properties, characteristics, and uses of three different factors, those being gypsum, coal, and nickel. Gypsum Gypsum is derived from the Greek word gypsos which means plaster (Gypsum Meanings, Powers, and History). Gypsum is composed of oxygen, calcium, sulfur, and water…

1.6 TRIBOLOGY The greek word tribo means rubbing (William 1994). It is the science of intermingling of the surfaces which are in sliding and/or rolling motion. In 1996, Tribology was first reported by Jost, England. It has 3 portions. These are A) friction B) Lubrication and C) wear. To understand the tribological behavior, it entails the knowledge of various subjects such as Physics, chemistry, Mathematics, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Material science etc., Tribological problem leads to the…

Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral. Its coloring is metallic brassy to a brown-orange, and on the Mohs scale, it has a hardness of 3.5 to 4. The chemical formula of chalcopyrite is CuFeS2. It is the most commonly occurring copper containing mineral in New Zealand, but it is only created near volcanic areas. On the metaphysical level, chalcopyrite is used for meditation, specifically for opening the third eye chakra (crown chakra), and physical healing. The stone clears any energy…

Phase Diagram and Phase Transformation Fig. 1 shows (FCC) Nickel-(BCC) Chromium binary phase diagram. The eutectic reaction takes place at 1345°C and the composition is 51% Cr and 49% Ni. The solid solubility of Cr in Ni is extensive which is evident from the phase diagram. Phase transformations of two Ni-Cr alloys are explained below. One is Ni40Cr60 (Line 2) which is closer to eutectic composition and contains greater % Cr and the other alloy is Ni68Cr32 (Line 1) which contains greater % Ni.…

Fully explain how the authors suggest exemplary leaders should take "risks". Use your own words, be thorough, provide references when needed while providing personal examples that further illustrate your knowledge on this topic. "Nothing new and nothing great is achieved by doing things the way you 've always done them" (Kouzes, 2012). Exemplary leaders should take risks by promoting their vision and reinventing their vision if it is not adequate. Get the team involved in giving suggestions to…

P1 Structure; Ceramic – Glass-ceramic I have chosen glass-ceramic to write about, however, I have no knowledge on this so I will have to use quite a bit of referencing to get the information. Facts; Glass-ceramics have an amorphous phase and one or more crystalline phases and are produced by a feature called "controlled crystallization" in contrast to a spontaneous crystallization, which is usually not wanted in glass manufacturing. They don’t find it ideal to have "spontaneous…