Hardness

tests wanted to establish the influence on the hardness and wear of the high-temperature thermo-mechanical treatment (HTTMT) applied to studied steel. The application of an additional plastic deformation (the deformation degree between 45 – 75%) influences positive the hardness and wear value. Being a HTTMT, the plastic deformation was fallowed by quenching, the utilized agent being the oil or compressed air. When the quenching agent was the oil, the hardness increased with 6-7% and the wear…

The optimized structures of the Ti 3 (Si x Al 1−x )C 2 are shown in Fig. 3, as are visualized by the VESTA, in the form of hexagonal, nano-layered structures. The resultant lattice parameters of the Ti 3 (Si x Al 1−x )C 2 are shown in Fig. 4, and compared to experimental results. As it can be in Fig. 4, both of the calculated and experimented results show that the c lattice parameter decreases more than the a lattice parameter with increasing amount of Si. Fig. 5 is a 2-dimensional…

will reduce. BOD5 of a water reserve must not reduce than 4mg/l. Hardness – the concentration of bivalent metallic ions such as Ca++ and Mg++ in a given water sample Is known as its hardness. Hardness is measured by titration method where EDTA (0.1M standard sample) is used as titrant and erichrome black T is used as an indicator. Hardness of water is calculated as mg equivalent of CaCO3. water is called soft until 60mg/l of hardness moderately hard on 60-120 mg/l range and had in 120-180mg/l…

CHAPTER THREE MATERIAL AND METHODS 1. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERCITICS: The effluent collected were analyzed in the laboratory for pH, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, total dissolved solid(TDS), conductivity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total solid, total suspension solid, turbidity, BOD, DO and COD using standard methods (APHA,2005). A.DETERMINATION OF pH: The electrode of pH meter was calibrated with standard buffer solutions of pH 4, 7 and 9. The electrode was then…

then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt or in other words with trilone-B solution which can be simply notated as Na2H2Y Na2H2Y → 2Na+ + H2Y2– Chromogen black ET-00 (eriochrome black T) is used to determine the total hardness of water. Along with the…

present work, AA 5052-H34 weldments have been prepared by FSW process. Optimization has been done by applying Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array with three input parameters and each with three levels in order to obtain maximum hardness and desirable macro and microstructures. A maximum hardness of 95.2 HV which is 14% higher…

enhancement of SnAgCu solders containing rare earth element Yb”, Materials & Design, Vol. 57, pp. 646–651, 2014. [11] L. C. Tsao, S. Y. Chang, C. I. Lee, W. H. Sun, and C. H. Huang, “Effects of nano Al2O3 additions on microstructure development and hardness of Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu solder,” Materials and Design, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 4831–4835, 2010.…

Koutsomichalis et al (2008) discussed that having high hardness and good adhesion with the substrate the sprayed coating exhibited satisfactory wear resistance. Tungsten carbide is an advanced ceramic material combining a unique set of properties such as high hardness, high melting point, wear resistance, good thermal shock resistance, thermal conductivity and good resistance against oxidation. They can be applied as coatings by thermal spraying processes such as plasma-spraying, high-velocity…

The hardness of water can leave residue on glassware with no harmful health effects. As well, the calcium and magnesium found in the water brings minimal dietary benefits when consumed. Hardness of water affects the quality because if the water is too hard, there’ll be an excess of minerals causing toxicity rates of the water to increase (Department…

this case, sodium alginate (SA) was used to be mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) by using precipitation method to increase the mechanical and physical properties. The mixing of hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate effectively increases the densification and hardness of hydroxyapatite. It could contribute to the development of the artificial implants of hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone implants applications in load bearing area. The behaviors during densification were studied together with the mechanical…