Gregory Bateson

Pope Gregory VII Often considered one of the most influential and controversial popes of the Middle Ages, Gregory VII became pope after a long career in the papal court. Historians have claimed that the papacy of Gregory VII is so important and must be emphasized, they have coined the term “Gregorian Reform”. Gregory VII played an important role in Europe during his time, and was a major contributor both before and after his election to the reform. When discussing the biography of Pope Gregory…

leaving his young child, Henry IV, his heir and Pope Leo IX being replaced with a radical reforming monk named Hildebrand, later known as Pope Gregory VII. It was during this timeframe, when the powers shifted in Germany and Rome that the monks that wrote the chronicles would show their support for the papal reforms and become strong supporters of Gregory…

dispute between the pope and the king about tithes. Wycliffe was strongly disliked by John of Gaunt's opponents among the nobles and church hierarchy. By now wycliffe had amassed a following of protectors and followers calling themselves lollards. Pope Gregory the eleventh had called for his arrest and to denounce his theories. But England refused and Wycliffe told the king after being summoned that it is perfectly legal to withhold tithes from…

Moreover, Mead did not mention in her research Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, how much time she had spent observing each tribe (Thurnwald 1936), which leaves the readers guessing the research’s credibility. As an anthropologist, it is one’s duty to provide data based on one’s time of study, methodology, and qualitative context regarding one’s fieldwork. On the other hand, I became well-informed by Mead demonstrating that: the absence of innate temperamental differences between…

Gregory Bateson said, “Without context, words and actions have no meaning at all” (Mind and Nature 15). That quote may seem melodramatic, but surely you acknowledge the axiomatic certainty of the foundational importance of context. The proper context is imperative to understanding the content, and context is fundamental to understanding Beowulf. Warren Christopher said, “It's very important to always put statements in their historical contexts. It teaches important lessons about the country…

Mead was able to prove that “genes don’t cause behaviors” (Kimmel 2013, 29). For that purpose, Mead agrees that one does not “simply inherit a male or a female sex role, but we actively–interactively–constantly define and redefine what it means to be men or women in our daily encounters with one another” (Kimmel 2013, 139). Gender is not an essential category and there is no universally distinct characteristic that is masculine or feminine. For that reason, I chose Sex and Temperament in Three…

The process of family therapy began almost 100 years ago starting with Alfred Adler in Vienna. Since then many approaches to family counseling have been developed, this book will focus on 11 of those approaches. The main thing to consider when looking at the different approaches is the relevance to our own family-of-origin, this way we can be aware of our own family difficulties and avoid attempting to work out our personal family issues with every new family we encounter. An excellent example…

Erik Homberger Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany. Erikson did not like going to school. He studied art and language but not his general core classes. He chose at that time not to go to college after graduating high school. He traveled Europe wanting to become an artist; it was a hard time traveling by foot and only having to sleep under bridges at night. After traveling around Europe for about a year, keeping a diary record of his travel experiences, enduring the harshness of having to live…

conventions that documentaries then developed over decades (Fisher 13 September), despite its portrayal of its subjects as spectacle. Soon, film had also found its way into the anthropological world. Anthropologist Margaret Mead and her partner Gregory Bateson applied the camera as a medium for scientific observation. The two took their ideas of filming and photographing culture to Bali, Indonesia as well as Papua New Guinea, creating a series of films and photographic studies in the 1950s. Mead…

Gregory Bateson, an English anthropologist, once said “Science, like art, religion, commerce, warfare, and even sleep, is based on presuppositions.” In a place and time where many individuals take the word of scientists as law, we must be careful to remember this fact. We cannot assume that because a teacher or scientist or uses the statement “science has proven” that they are unquestionably correct; it is our duty to teach this generation and the next that science is fallible and preserve…