Gravitational constant

Xanthan and Chitosan concentration. The Chitosan solution pH was kept constant at 5. The above table gives the inference that when Xanthan concentration is less than or equal to 0.5% or Chitosan concentration is less than or equal to 0.5%, the capsules formed are unstable. Similarly, amorphous capsules were reported when the concentration of Xanthan was varied as shown in the given table. The Chitosan solution pH was kept constant. This phenomenon was due to the increase in viscosity of…

analyzing the rates of certain species and reactions, and is a crucial technique to predict different reactions. Kinetics is a very broad topic, thus the experiment focused only on the derivation of empirical rate laws and their corresponding rate constants. The rate of a specific reaction can be expressed with an experimentally-determined, or empirical, rate law in the form of rate = k[A]x[B]y[C]z. The exponents x, y, and z depend on the term…

B. Buffers. 1. Two solutions, A. being 1.0 x HCl, and B. being 0.10 M will be given, as well as buffer solution 1 M NaOH. 2. Have 25 mL of solution A. and B. in two separate beakers. 3. Check the pH of both solutions without any NaOH first. Then begin checking pH after 1 drop, then after 10 drops, and lastly 25 drops. After each set of drops be sure to mix solutions. 4. Compare both sets of pH to determine which had an easier time resisting change. C. Titration curves. 1. Insert NaOH into…

Scientists use a scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. That scale is called a pH scale. The pH scale is a number from zero to fourteen. Accordingly, zero to seven liquids are considered acid. However, seven is considered a neutral, like distilled water. Therefore, eight to fourteen the liquids are considered basic. For instance, a pH of two is going to be an acidic liquid. Thus, a pH of twelve would be measured as a basic liquid. Additionally, a strip of litmus paper will…

curve that shows how the pH changes when the titrant is being added. Buffer solution: buffer solution is simply a mixture that contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It is used for keeping the pH constant in a solution. Standardization: If there is an unknown solution, titration which is used for identifying the concentration of a known solution to find out the unknown solution’s concentration is called standardization. 2) Necessaries for a…

The purpose of the experiment is to determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction between Fe3+ ions and SCN2+ ions. In solutions one to five (the reference solutions), a large volume of concentrated Fe3+ ions was used in order to react with and convert all of the SCN2+ ions into FeSCN2+ ions. In solutions six to ten (the test solutions), a constant volume of Fe3+--in lesser concentration--and varying volumes of SCN2+ ions were diluted with DI water and reacted to produce an unknown amount…

Data Calculated from Experiment Solid-Liquid Weight (g) Solid-Liquid % Recovery Liquid-Liquid Weight (g) Liquid-Liquid % Recovery Acid 0.01 20 % 0.028 56 % Phenol 0.011 22 % 0.001 2 % Amine 0.013 26 % 0.005 10 % Neutral 0.03 60 % 0.026 52 % Table 1 shows the data obtained from this experiment of both the solid-liquid extraction (on the left side of the table) and the liquid-liquid extraction method (on the right side of the table). It shows that in the solid-liquid extraction, most of the…

Introduction Many biological processes are pH dependent, to illustrate, stomach is at a relatively lower pH than other organs for proper function of digestive enzymes. In particular, buffer is essential for maintaining cellular functions. For instance, protein intake and metabolism generates about 70mM of H+ daily (Silverthorn, Johnson, Ober, Garrison, & Silverthorn, 2012), which could lower pH of human blood to as low as 3. To limit the drastic change in blood pH, human body has three buffer…

Discussion of Results and Scientific Explanation To achieve the goal of determining an unknown acid or base, anion and cation test were performed. These tests allowed for the components of the solutions to be identified, therefore, achieve the second goal. The pH was also used in to help find the identity of the unknown solutions and it was used to draw conclusions about the solutions. Dilutions were used to help understand the different behaviors of different concentrations. Household items…

Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a water to resist changes in pH. Alkalinity in water is due to the presence of weak acid systems that consume by hydrogen ion produced by other reactions, allowing chemical or biological activities to take place within a water without changing the pH (1). In this way the alkalinity protects aquatic life. The measured value may vary considerably with the end-point pH used. Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted…