Gravitational collapse

Laying on the fresh cut grass of your lawn, you watch the sun sink behind the mountains as day subtly fades into night. There is always a minute of darkness as the city holds its breath. No street lights. No cars. Just you and the sky and… the faint glow of a star. Seeing the first star that night, you make a wish and remember the first time you saw one. You still wonder what that speck of light is—How it got to be up there, why it sometimes is so bright and other times so faint, and how it…

universe was slowing down due to gravity, and that it would eventually collapse or keep expanding, just slower as time went on. However, thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope, we now know that to be dead wrong. Our universe is, in actuality, speeding up in its rate of expansion! This left scientists puzzled; it went against almost everything they had thought. Since there is matter everywhere, and that matter has gravitational attraction, so why wasn’t…

of the universe, soon after the big bang. Black holes form when the center of a massive star collapses in upon itself. The collapse causes a supernova that…

Einstein applied his theory of General Relativity to how the universe began. General Relativity describes gravity as a curved space-time. Einstein believed thats there had to be a force to balance gravity because a universe with only gravity would collapse. Einstein called this force a cosmological constant and assumed thats it balanced gravity to maintain what he believed was a static universe. George LeMaitre in 1927 and Alexander Friedmann in 1922 discovered a variety of answers to Einstein's…

remains of stars that have been formed previously and that have undergone the entire life cycle (Ryan). Now of course these huge gas and dust clouds do not just stay gas and dust clouds. The stellar nebulas, “own gravity causes [itself] to start to collapse, it folds in on itself, and towards the center of that cloud it gets denser,” (Institute of Physics). As the cloud folds in on itself and the particles get closer and closer, they start to stick together, fuse, and form clumps (Institute of…

certain amount of negative energy by dragging the particles towards the center. Most gravitation is described as negative energy. Understandingly negative energy is a “concept used in physics to explain the nature of certain fields, including the gravitational field and a number of quantum field effects” (Exotic Matter and Negative…

universe itself. In the 1960's, Stephen Hawking discovered that “black holes radiated heat, revealing that the [black holes] had an important key to the research of the "evolution of the universe" (“Stephen Hawking Makes Pioneering Discoveries in Gravitational Field Theory”). Because of Hawking’s discovery of radiation in black holes, they would turn out to correlate directly to the universe. If that were the case, then He concluded that, basically, if the universe prior to the big bang was…

1. What is meant by the luminosity of the Sun? a. The luminosity of the Sun is the total amount of energy that is emitted by the Sun every second. (Slater) 2. What is thermonuclear fusion? Why is this fusion fundamentally unlike the burning of a log in a fireplace? a. Thermonuclear fusion is the conversion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei. b. The chemical reaction of burning a log on Earth would cause the outer electrons of the atoms involved to rearrange themselves. But, this change…

occur at the end of the star’s life cycle as the star depletes its fuel. According to NASA, as the star runs out of fuel, a portion of the stars mass flows towards the core. This causes the core to grow and eventually due to the gravitational forces of the star, collapses the core causing a spectacular explosion. While it is theorized that a supernova occurs once every second in the universe, few can be seen or studied from earth. The first supernova that was seen and was studied extensively was…

To understand the Geology of Mars, or any other planet, it is necessary to have knowledge of formation of the Universe that lead to the assimilation of galaxies and all contained within them. This is essay will look at the beginning of the universe and the chemical reactions which led to the formation of stars, planets, moons, asteroid belts, comets and meteorites. Then, focusing on Mars, discuss the planets geological features and the instruments used to study them, from its inner core to upper…