Granulosa cells

After all of these tests and doctor visits, I was diagnosed with stage one ovarian cancer. A granulosa cell tumor was found on my right ovary. It was pretty rare considering less than five out of one hundred ovarian cancer patients have a tumor like that. It was astonishing that a sixteen year old, with no previous ovarian cancer occurrences in her family, was diagnosed with the cancer. The average age for an ovarian cancer occurrence is sixty three years old. My doctors concluded that the best way to rid my body of this disease was surgery. The whole ovary needed to be removed, along with the mass. After the operation, my doctor told us that he had also removed my appendix because the tumor had started growing into it because it was quite…

that germ cells arise from this surface layer. Instead germ cells are more likely to arise from the gonadal tissue itself (2). Spindle shaped cells called the ovarian stroma constitutes the major cell type ubiquitous throughout the body of the ovary. In the periphery,…

1.7 III (b) VEGF: VEGF is also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) is an endothelial cell specific mitogen in in vitro and is the main factor responsible for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of in vivo models. The gene transcripts level of VEGF is stimulated at the time of implantation because process of implantation occurs under hypoxic condition. In rodents, VEGF is involved during embryo–endometrium crosstalk by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and vascular…

The process of somatic cell nuclear transfer SCNT is a laboratory procedure where the purpose is to copy, reproduce, a live creature or CLONE it. The nucleus of a somatic cell, any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cell, the cytoplasmic factors influence the nucleus to turn into a zygote. As a result, the egg undergoes a blastocystic stage and it creates the embryonic stem cells. The process takes two cells, one is the donor of the nucleus and the second the receiver of this…

Eppendorf tube. Transfer supernatant to 1.5 ml tube and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen then kept at -80 °C until hormonal analysis. Trypsinization were used for harvesting live cell, 500 µl of pre-warmed trypsin-EDTA were added to each well and incubated at 37.5 °C for 5 min. Then dislodged cells from well by pipetting and to stop trypsin effect, 100 µl of heated inactivated fatal calve serum (HI FCS) were added to each well and mixed well. Transfer cell suspension into 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube,…

motor proteins attached to the vesicles. Microtubules can also expand or shrink in length in order to establish dynamic structures that can efficiently change the internal organization of the cell, and capture organelles through the cytosol. Intermediate filaments are made up of the protein keratin. Their primary function is to strengthen the internal structure of a cell. Microfilaments are the smallest among the three cytoskeletal filaments. They consist of protein actin. Microfilaments are…

In Aristotle’s view, everything in this world can be categorized. Living beings include plants and animal. The plant has nutritive soul and the animal process both nutritive soul and perceptive soul. If we discuss animal further, we can divide animal into rational animal, which is human, and non-rational animal. The essential feature of “being an animal” is perception. From the Aristotle Introductory Reading: “413b2: What makes something an animal is primarily perception.” Perception is…

Genetic Engineering is the modification of an organism 's genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. With this new, rapidly growing, technology we are now able to do things that we once thought were impossible. In Ethics and the New Genetics, the Dalai Lama addresses problems that we need to consider as we continue to explore this microscopic world that we have…

evolutionary time that has occurred. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are in a class of proteins called molecular chaperones. (Kiang, J.; G, Tsokos. 1998). They are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, in the cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. In humans they have a relatively long half-life of about 2 days (Baneyx, F. 2008). HSP70 are a specific type which are normally found in very low amounts within a cell, they can be expressed in response to external stimuli.…

Cell Transport and Permeability: Computer stimulation Jeffery Kirkland A&P Lab Courtney Charba April 17, 2015 Academic Integrity Statement: I affirm that this assignment reflects my own honest work and was completed with integrity according to the course’s academic integrity guidelines. This report is based on my own work and any ideas or words that are not my own are clearly indicated and their sources are correctly cited. Student Signature:…