Granuloma

INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a multisystem chronic inflammatory disorder.1 The disease primarily affects the pulmonary system. It causes an increase in inflammatory markers which may develop into pulmonary granulomas. The disease may also affect the skin, eyes, kidneys and practically any system of the body.2 Patients require a thorough history and physical and systemic work-up with treatment focused on the most severely affected system.1 Sarcoidosis can affect any age group, ethnicity or race. Incidence with age has a bimodal distribution with the first peak in the third and fourth decades, and the second peak around 65-69 years. Females have a slight greater risk than males.1 Highest incidence in North American blacks and northern European…

Peripheral giant cell granulomas (PGCG) are relatively uncommon reactive exophytic lesions of the oral cavity. Such a term is also synonymous to peripheral giant cell epulis, peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma though the word reparative granulomas is now considered obsolete in modern medicine because it’s not truly reparative.4,5 Clear aetiology of PGCG still remains elusive to and what is available currently are the laid hypothesis by various scholars for example local irritation from…

response, with recruitment of eosinophils, granuloma formation and liver fibrosis (Cheever et al., 2000; Wynn et al., 2004). In schistosomiasis, Th2-type cytokine production becomes predominant eight weeks post infection, while Th1 cytokines decrease as Th2 cytokines increase i.e. cross-regulation of cytokine production (Stavitsky, 2004). Granuloma formation in the liver could be differentiated into two phases: a lytic pre-granulomatous phase (exudative phase), which produces a spherical space…

In this study, the following terms were conceptually defined to improve the understanding of this research work. Sarcoidosis. The universal definition of this term is “a chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by the enlargement of lymph nodes in many parts of the body and the widespread appearance of granulomas derived from the reticuloendothelial system.” In the context of this research, this is the disease being focused on. Neurosarcoidosis. The dictionary defined the…

Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis- An autopsy case report Abstract: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of uncertain etiology, characterized by non- caseating epitheloid cell granulomas which can virtually involve any organ. Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis is seen in around 4-5% patients, while autopsy studies proved incidence up to 20-25%. Sudden cardiac death is common in cardiac sarcoidosis, since it was not diagnosed due to silent clinical presentation. We report a…

Asymptomatic apical periodontitis Along with the pulpal necrosis, there is further inflammation and then destruction of the apical peridontium. There are no clinical symptoms, but an apical radiolucency is present. The tooth may feel slightly sensitive on palpation, which indicates that the cortical plate of bone is involved. Histopathologically the lesion is either a granuloma or a cyst. A granuloma will show to consist of granulomatous tissue with mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes,…

carbol fuchsin, a mixture of phenol and fuchsin, to stain our bacteria. There are many different type of mycobacteria in this world that shared some similarities with M. leprae but one of the most well known and the most similar to M. leprae is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is the most clinically relevant Mycobacterium species and about 90% of the infections are in the lung because it is an obligate aerobes. A M. tuberculosis bacterium is 2-4 micrometers in length and 0.2-0.5…

Histological diagnosis (presence of non-caseating granuloma on myocardial biopsy) in addition to the histologic or clinical diagnosis of extra-cardiac sarcoidosis. 2. Presence of a histologic or clinical diagnosis of extra-cardiac sarcoidosis and a combination of major and minor cardiac criteria. (A minimum of three major criteria or at one major and three minor criteria). • Major criteria include advanced atrioventricular block, basal thinning of the interventricular septum, cardiac gallium…

These granulomas are most often found in the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, and skin- though can affect any organ causing serious dysfunction. It can affect children, thought it is most prevalent in individuals 20 to 40 years of age. It occurs across the world in every race, sex and age, being most prevalent in women, African Americans, and ethnic norther Europeans, especially Scandinavians. Extrathoracic manifestations are seen more in African Americans and Puerto Ricans. A genetic predisposition is…

Intestinal Schistosomiasis occurs with S. Mansori and S. Japonicum infections. Intestinal Schistosomiasis typically presents with chronic or intermittent abdominal pain and associated discomfort. Due to this pain there is a loss of appetite and unusual diarrhea. Diarrhea can be present with or without blood. Hepatic Schistosomiasis also occurs with S. Mansori and S. Japonicum. With this type of infection, we see an enlargement of the liver due to granuloma formation, collagen deposits,…