Granule cell

the function of a channel that is used to move chloride ions in and out of cells. It specifically codes for a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. If the gene is mutated, cells cannot effectively transport chloride ions which, in turn, affects the cells’ abilities to control the movement of water in tissues. This lack of capacity to regulate chloride ions and the movement of water within cells results in thick, sticky mucus that is dangerous to many of the…

Scientists have shown that there is a development in polyploidy, which means that you have more than two sets of chromosomes. As polyploidy is somewhat confusing, there is two articles of explanation on this subject. I want to start by explaining gene doubling in an easier sense due to its confusion. Polyploidy can occur when organisms self-fertilize or through sexual reproduction. Through research, it's said that this process can possibly create a new species after being done. Although,…

Biology plays quite a lot on personality, people can be more likely to develop certain personality traits because they inherited them genetically. That is what biological psychologist’s study’s. There is an entire field of science called epigenetics that is all about how changes in behavior due to experience can affect people on a biological level and cause changes in genetics across generations. It’s far from the only thing that influences personality but it plays the part. Heredity plays a…

Finger nails are made up of keratin protein (the same keratin found in hair), which is formed by amino acids, and produced by living skin cells. The main components that make up a nail consists of; the nail plate which is located at the top of the nail. It is held together by protein fibers. The nail plate needs blood flow, oxygenation, and nutrients to grow. This is why an injured nail sometimes turns bruised or falls off. Oxygen penetrates through the nail plate. The nail bed is the skin…

This week’s articles, Bovine Abominations: Genetic Culture and Politics in the Netherlands by Karen-Sue Taussig and Bodies, Commodities, & Biotechnologies by Leslie Sharp illustrate the “tie between genetics and identity” (Taussig 2004: 309). It is in human nature to believe that we all have a personality, thoughts, and emotions that make us human. Anything that is not of human origin is considered to be a tool for dehumanization. That is why this idea of xenotransplants and biotechnologies does…

Previous works have established that RA functions in the patterning of the anterior-posterior positional identities of central nervous system (Holland and Holland, 1996, Escriva et al., 2002, Schubert, 2004, 2005, 2006 and Koop et al., 2010). It can be depicted from the results that the p-test indicates a significant difference between the experimental and control subjects. This means that the retinoic acid, which was added to the experimental group only , have adversely affected the…

to old age has been theorized to target developmental genes, including those associated with disease risk factors and cancer itself. Hypomethylation has also been observed in the genomes of cancer cells, with the only instances of hypermethylation occurring in genes controlling tumor cell invasion and cell cycle control. Based on current research, it would…

contains 8088 base pairs, 23 exons, and translates into a protein that is 2696 amino acids long (Faravelli, 2005). This gene, along with the rest of the NSD family, have been found to be strongly linked to cell growth and differentiation (Faravelli, 2005).…

various structures of the mitochondria (Giezen, Page 1). Early scientist posted numerous theories of the origin of mitochondria. One of these theories was that specific organelles were bacterial symbionts that had taken up residence inside eukaryotic cells (Giezen, Page 1). After the discovery of mitochondria serious disagreements between scientist contributed to a near fifty year abstinence of conducting studies on mitochondria. Once the fifty year abstinence stopped, research on…

Cloning has started around the 1950’s and is still currently going on today. Human cloning of any kind should be banned; the thought that humans have the resources to create and produce life is disturbing; scientists imitating creation is beyond me and unethical. “cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human dignity and integrity” ( Birnbacher 2005). Cloning can also lead to lead to abnormal development, diseases, and short life span”.…