Granule cell

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a one type of muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. People suffering from most common muscular dystrophies ,Duchenne/Becker (DMD), Myotonic (MMD), and Limb-Girdle (LGMD), experience muscles degradation overtime, leading to overall muscle weakness and decreased mobility. Statistics show that the most prevalent forms of muscular dystrophy are rare. For example in 2007 in the…

Hypothesis: 1.) Animals with nocturnal sleep cycles will have greater similarity in the PER gene than the PER gene of diurnal animals. 2.) Differences in the sequences of PER genes can account for variance in the free running period (FRP) between varying organisms. 3.) Human PER gene homologs arose from prior duplication events throughout evolution. Motivation and Background: The biological clock is an endogenous mechanism that regulates the physiological activities of an organism. It was…

What is Genetics? Genetic Diseases A genetic disease involves an abnormality in genetic material. Otherwise, there could be mutations or changes in an organism’s DNA. A genetic disease can be inherited through a family. There are three types of disorders: Chromosomal Disorders, Single Gene Disorders, and Multifactorial Disorders. Chromosomal Disorders are caused by too many chromosomes, not enough chromosomes, or the chromosome structures are abnormal. Polymelia is considered as a…

Practical 3: Enzyme Activity (2.5) Research Question: How does the change of pH affect the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the enzyme, catalase? Background Information: Enzymes are globular proteins, which are synthesised by cells in order to perform specific functions. These act as catalysts in chemical reactions and are considered a major factor in an organism as these reaction rates are required to be shortened in order to support life. Catalase is one of the most…

key for the development and survival of a fetus/embryo. 2. Leydig cells • Leydig cells form and secrete testosterone. The testosterone is secreted in response to the lutenising hormone. Spermatozoa production is promoted by the testosterone secreted. The testosterone being secreted by the Leydig cells are important for the formation of secondary characteristics of the male. 3. The different pancreatic cells • One of the pancreatic cells is the exocrine gland. The exocrine gland secretes out…

biological regularities manage to conserve stability while regulating any circumstances, disorders, illnesses and situations. Human beings consist of masses of cells that all operate on behalf of the maintenance of the complete organism. The cells are all somewhat analogous, the cells still accomplish very dissimilar purposes. The cells and human beings as well require continuous internal surrounding preservations. The endocrine system is an example of homeostasis. The endocrine system…

transposable element insertions, alterations within introns and disruption of regulatory elements, as examples. These alterations can cause a range of phenotypic effects from no effect to cell death for essential genes. Disruptions that result in an essential phenotype are typically important to core activities of the cell, such as energy metabolism, DNA replication, or protein processing. Mutations can also have complex buffering effects, where a mutation that would normally have a phenotypic…

Microbiology Conjunction Conjugation is the course by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct interaction. It can be defined as the direct transfer of DNA form one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell. The donor is F+ and the recipient is F-. they are attached through a conjugal bridge. The pilus then attractions the two separate bacteria together. Now, the donor bacterium transfers genetic material to the recipient bacterium. During the process of…

diagnosis (PGD) enables people with an inheritable condition in their family to avoid passing it on to their children. It involves checking the genes and/or chromosomes of embryos” created through IVF (HEFA, 2014). During this process, one or two cells can be removed without any harm to the embryo. The embryos that show genetic disease are discarded with consent and the embryos that show no sign of diseases are implanted into the womb allowing for it to develop (HEFA, 2014). By being able to…

Should humans be allowed to genetically engineer their offspring? Can you use genes from more than two people to create a baby? Can humans extract DNA from animals into their offspring? These questions are going to become very important shortly to the entire world. Genetically changing our offspring could change the world for the better or it could lead to our destruction. There are very few benefits that can come from this such as life expectancy and how intellectual the human brain can become.…