Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Medici’s wealth surpasses everyone else wealth because of the business with the Catholic Church. The Medici family can deny anyone a loan and not worry about consequences. Both families control geographic areas of Northern and Southern Europe. Dukes of Burgundy owned land from Holland all the way to central France. Philip the Bold, father of Philip the Good, gained large amount of territory through political marriages and other strategies. According to Marilyn Stokstad, Philip married his way to inherit parts of the Netherlands by marring into a Flemish count’s family (564). According to Geneviève Lacroix, Philip either found ways to inherit lands, he bought land himself, or take by force (“Dukes of Burgundy, ‘the Great Dukes of the West’”).…

My grandson asked me to tell him a story about myself, so I recounted my early days when I met the great Jacques Arcadelt. It was many years ago in the mid 1530's. I had snuck into a party hosted by the Medici family. I heard beautiful music and wanted to see the performers first hand. Plus, they always have the best wine. The Medici family has been in power in Florence for so long, people know of no other rulers here. Even though they still followed a monarchical structure and often ruled…

Galileo Galilei was a famous Italian astronomer, mathematician, physicist, philosopher, author, and professor. He is greatly considered one of the most famous and influential astronomers, mathematicians, and physicists in the history of mankind. Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Duchy of Florence, Italy. Galileo’s mother was Giulia Ammannati. His father Vincenzo Galilei was an Italian lutenist, merchant, and composer. Galileo had five siblings: Virgina Galilei,…

Many legal reforms in European nations directly correlate with Beccaria's work. It was published in many languages and became influential in the reform in many legal systems in countries all around the world. Shortly after it was published, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, motivated by Beccaria's argument against the execution of criminals, abolished capital punishment. In the United States’ Constitution, Beccaria's ideas about the manner in which crimes should be punished is shown in its right to…