Gram staining

A sputum sample can be collected and some key tests that help identify just the genus Streptococcus includes: gram staining, mobility tests, oxidative-fermentative tests and endospore tests. The other tests that help identify the species include: capsule tests, catalase tests, hemolysis tests and pyrrolidonearylamidase tests. (2). The genus Streptococcus is a, gram-positive cocci which ferments sugar, but the final product will always be lactic acid (2). Streptococcus also occurs in pairs…

Yersinia Pestis is a gram-negative bacillus that it not motile and has bipolar staining. Although is usually transmitted to humans through a flea bite from a flea that previously fed on an infected rodent. It can be transferred to humans in three known ways. First is mentioned above with a flea bite by an…

4.2.3.5. Antioxidant assays in gastric tissue homogenate 4.2.3.5.1. Catalase activity Catalase activity in the gastric tissue was measured according to the procedures of Sinha (1972). One ml of homogenate solution was taken and mixed with 5 ml of phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. To this 4 ml of 0.2 M H2O2 was added and time noted. Exactly after 180 seconds of adding H2O2, a set of 1ml of reaction mixture from the above was taken and 2 ml dichromate acetic acid was added. It was then kept in a boiling…

Dangers of Eating Disorders Eating disorders can be fatal to a person’s health and life. Eating disorders are not just a problem among young people but in some adults as well. Eating disorders aren’t just present in females, they can also be present in males. There isn’t just one, there are many different eating disorders, such as, anorexia, binge eating disorder and bulimia. Eating disorders such as these come with extreme mental and emotional problems. Anorexia is a disorder where a person…

1.7.3.4. Hydrogen sulphid test (MacFaddine, 1980): Tubes of triple sugar iron agar media were inoculated by suspected culture through stabbing into the butt and the slant then covered with sterile melted paraffin wax and incubated anaerobically for 48 h at 37°C, appearance of blackening in the butt indicates H2S production. 1.7.3.5. Sugar fermentation test (Willis, 1977): Suspected culture was inoculated to 1% peptone water tubes containing 2% bromocresol purple and 1% quantities of the…

Background DNA molecules can be too big to analyze through electrophoresis, some they must be cut up into smaller pieces. In order to cleave dsDNA at the specific sites, making sure each fragment contain the desired sequence, restriction enzymes are used. Restriction enzymes can recognize a specific sequence of nucleotide and hydrolyze the bond of the DNA backbone. Hence, the fragments from the same DNA source will also be the same if cleave by the same restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes…

As one of the most prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in United States America, Gonorrhea is reported to affect 820,000 Americans each year (Sutton, 2006). This is only the reported amount of cases each year; many cases go unreported (Sutton, 2006). It is a disease we have known about for years. While it is preventable and curable, it can also be deadly if not treated or caught in time. Gonorrhea is a STI we know a great deal about, yet not everyone knows it's, symptoms, how it's…

The Indian subcontinent has served as a major corridor for the genetic diversity of its inhabitants. Modern-day human population dispersal routes is punctuated with delineating migrations that eventually led anatomically modern humans (AMH) to spread over most parts of the world within the past 100,000 years (Cavalli- Sforza, Menozzi and Piazza 1994; Lahr and Foley 1994). Migration waves are influenced by landscape traversed and thus, natural inter continental passageways acting as corridors…

Over an eight year period from the years 2005 through 2013 more than eight thousand individuals have been diagnosed with cat scratch disease (cdc.gov). Evidence of some symptoms individuals would develop when they would contract this illness was first notified back in the 1950’s, but the disease causing agent wasn’t identified until the mid-1980’s. Even though this disease has not been proven to cause death amongst its victims it is still important to understand some key factors to be aware of…

GENE REGULATION: Gene regulation is the method of limiting the genes in the cell’s DNA, which are expressed. It is utilize to form a functional manufacture for an example protein. Various cells in a multi cellular organism might express very difficult group of genes. Although, they consist the similar DNA. Human having over ten thousands of genes in their genome. Cells are expressed the all genes. Even an organism as simple as bacterium must carefully regulate gene expression. Ensuring that the…