Gram-positive bacteria

For a long term, the prevailing logic in global microbial diversity has been “everything is everywhere, but nature selects”, coming from Baas Becking’s 1934 publication, “Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde” (Baas Becking, 1934). This conclusion was based on the presumption that physical, chemical, and geographical barriers play no role in the global dispersal of microbes, which aerosolise for easy distribution. In this scenario, it would be expected that any given species of microbe…

• What are the strategic choices available? Biocon India Group is a Bangalore-based organization that began in 1978 with the enzyme business. An enzyme, by the way, is a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. That said, the Biocon India realized that growth is imminent and various strategic choices are available. The first strategic choice available to Managing Director, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw’s Biocon India is expansion…

Pneumonia, a lung infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumonia is a serious case of death at that time. Frederick Griffith was studying the possibility of creating a vaccine. During Griffith’s experiment, his experiments suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process of transformation. He began isolating two strain of Streptococcus pneumonia, the S strain and the R strain that varied dramatically in both appearances and their ability to…

It often used as a cryoprotectant. Glycerol can defend against cold temperatures by depressing the freezing point of the bacteria cells, enhancing supercooling. With bacteria, adding glycerol to final concentration of 15% will help protect from damage of freezing and thawing. When the freezing point of bacterial cells lowered by the use of glycerol, its prevent the formation of ice crystal which…

PROTEOMICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS ASSIGNMENT: PUFA AS NUTRACEUTICAL SUBMITTED TO: DR. SANAULLAH IQBAL SUBMITTED BY: MAHAM ABID REGISTRATION NO. : 2014-ND-026 NUTRACEUTICAL Nutraceutical is referred to a functional food ingredient or a nutrient that possesses therapeutic properties and claim health benefits among people. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CHEMICAL NATURE Nutraceuticals can be divided as follows: • Isoprenoid derivatives • Phenolic substances • Fatty acids and structural lipids •…

3.4 DISCUSSIONS 3.4.1 Phenotypic characterization Accurate description of cowpea genotypes is crucial towards making a decision to release a variety as well as conservation of germplasm. The identities of 38 cowpea genotypes were established by using morphological characteristics described as cowpea descriptors (Makanur et al., 2013). Both quantitative and qualitative parameters considered in the current work showed variations among the 38 cowpea genotypes. Variation in growth habit was evident…

also battling with a runny nose and a quite serious cough . Azithromycin works by inhibiting bacteria from synthesizing the proteins that are necessary for their survival. It does this by binding to the bacterial ribosome’s 50S subunit, which in turn leads to the bacteria being limited and unable to grow and multiply. As a result, the bacteria die. The microbes affected by Azithromycin are generally bacteria like: Chlamydia pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and many others…

Phase 2 – Agarose Gel Electrophoresis 1. Obtain our four H, E, L, and P labeled micro tubes and place them on ice. 2. Set the micro pipet to 2.0 ul. 3. Transfer 2.0 ul blue dye to each of the four H, E, L, and P micro tubes. 4. Mix the four micro tubes by using this two-step method: * Place each tube briefly on the vortex to get the components to collect at the bottom of the micro tubes * Pulse spin the four micro tubes in the centrifuge to mix all of the components completely. 5.…

Defective can seam was the major reason to cause the canned food products being contaminated with microorganisms and the contaminants from the surrounding environment. Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) was the spore forming bacterial which can be commonly found in those contaminated or leakage canned products. They can multiply rapidly within the canned food as those food serve as the nutrients for them to grow. Botulism was the most common food born disease in the canned food industries. The…

the presence of reddish-brown precipitate formation. Vinblastine and methanol was used as positive and negative control respectively 4.4.2 Hager’s Test (Kodangala et al., 2010) Briefly, to the 100μl of ethyl acetate fraction, 4-5 drops of Hager’s reagent (saturated solution of picric acid) was added and observed for the presence of yellow precipitate formation. Vinblastine and methanol was used as positive and negative control respectively. 4.5 Thin Layer chromatography…