Gottfried Kirch

Maria Kirch was an influential person. She did many great studies on outer space, and was the first women known to discover a comet. Her success empowered many astronomers and women. Maria Kirch was born in February 25th, 1670. Growing up her dad believed she deserved the same education as a boy her age got introduction of Maria Winkelmann Kirch), and educated her until he got sick and died. Fortunately from there her uncle took over in educating Maria. A little later on in her life Maria became interested in astronomy and went to go work and study with Christopher Arnold, an excellent Astronomer (biography: Married Gottfried Kirch). Arnold was a self-taught astronomer, and observed a comet in the year of 1683. Through Arnold, Maria met Gottfried Kirch who was one of the most important astronomers in Germany. He was most known for his calendars that he made…

Introduction Daniel I Bernoulli stated that “there is no philosophy which is not found upon knowledge of the phenomena, but to get any profit from this knowledge it is absolutely necessary to be a mathematician”(BrainyQuote). Daniel, a second generation mathematician, learned this valuable lesson, as his father and uncle had before him; mathematics is vital when interpreting the world. While Daniel was succeeded by a laundry list of mathematicians and physics, it is he and the men which preceded…

most famous and controversial book is Candide . This essay will explain optimism theory and Voltaire's point of view of optimism . Give a brief summary of this book , it's genre as a literary work and how Voltaire attacks optimism through this book . Then How this era looking at the women and what they are suffering from . Finally , how these women in this book considered as a female testimony to the failure of optimism . Theory of optimism known in the 18th century . According to…

little.” (Candide, 70) Voltaire displays that one can have all the necessities of life and some, and will still not be pleased. Through the misfortunes and displeasure of his characters, Voltaire shows that authentic happiness is impossible to obtain. In addition, Voltaire denigrates the idea of optimism, by conveying his belief that everything isn’t for the best. This can be obviously seen through the repetitive use of the idea that everything is for the best, despite the continuous calamities…

Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz shook the world with his early 18th century essay entitled Monadology. This essay revolves around one key philosophical concept; if the deity is truly perfect, then the universe that the deity created is a reflection of its perfection. In conclusion, whatever happens is for the better in the plan of the deity. This philosophical concept is still widely accepted today, especially among religious groups. Despite being part of the Enlightenment, Voltaire attacks the…

ideas was Rene Descartes. Descartes being a rationalist had completely different thoughts on innate ideas in comparison to Locke. It was his belief that we do in fact have ideas that are present in the mind when we are born. For Descartes, these ideas are considered innate but for Locke, this ideas are considered reflections. He claimed that no ideas are present until they are reflected upon and then deduced. The only exception to this was that of the idea of God in which Descartes believed…

Von Koch’s Snowflake Curve Investigation Von Koch’s Snowflake is named after the Swedish mathematician, Helge von Koch. He was the one who described the Koch curve in the early 1900s. The Koch curve is a mathematical curve that is continuous, without tangents. In this investigation, we will be looking at the particularities of Von Koch’s snowflake and curve. Including looking at the perimeter and the area of the curve. This investigation is continued by looking at the square curve as well as the…

Charles Dodgson was the real name of the author who wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the sequel Through the Looking Glass. For his writing he went under the pen name Lewis Carroll. Along with writing he was also an English logician, mathematician, and photographer. He had a lot of siblings; 7 girls and 4 boys were born to his parents. He was the third child born and their oldest son. He also went through a lot of illnesses, one left him deaf in one ear. He had a stutter, but Carroll…

Under the guise of sarcasm and an erratic and fantastical plot, Voltaire’s Candide examines human nature and the human condition in the context of an 18th century France. This is done so not only through the derision of philosophical positions such as Optimism and Pessimism, but also of the religious intolerance of that day. It may seem at first that Voltaire views humanity in a dismal light and merely locates its deficiencies, but in fact he also reveals attributes of redemption in it, and thus…

their religious tolerance of the Quakers and other fringe religious beliefs, and their superior advancement into empirical science and philosophy—embodied by Bacon, Locke, and Newton—as well as their appreciation for unconventional art and literature, focusing particularly on William Shakespeare. He praised the progressiveness of English society in his 1733 publication, Lettres philosophiques, comparing England’s progressivism to the oppressiveness and religious intolerance of his native…