Glycolysis

prolonged continuation of the cycle. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl coA) is the input to start the cycle and is derived from glycolysis but first has to go through an intermediate stage, sometimes called the ‘link reaction’ which uses the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, releases CO2 and 2 electrons to form acetyl coA which can then enter the cycle. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell while the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria,…

bi-products. The process of aerobic metabolism includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (Pass My Exams, nd). Slide Three- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, or PDC, is an important part of the aerobic respiration process. It is a large multi-enzyme complex and one of the central enzymes for aerobic metabolism. The complex acts as a metabolic gateway between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and is one of the main…

Phosphate system, "An anaerobic method of resynthesising ATP using creatine phosphate as fuel" (Amezdroz, 2010, p.207), and the Lactate system, which involves "resynthesising ATP using glucose as fuel" (Amezdroz, 2010, pg.209), also known as anaerobic glycolysis. This training program will effectively work to target these systems of the body in order to optimise touch performance. Within the game of touch, “short sprints of 5-10m are repeated up to 100 times per player during a game” (Dr…

Results: Distinguishing the Interactions in the Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Binding Site of Human Liver Pyruvate Kinase that Contribute to Allostery The overall design of the experiment involved two ways in which protein activation could be altered, in this case, the activation of the human liver pyruvate kinase (hL-PYK). One of the methods used to alter activation was to use effector molecules other than fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP), which may have the ability to attach to the…

INTRODUCTION Cellular respiration is the breaking down of organic molecules by means of catabolic pathways that uses electron transport chain to produce ATP (Campbell 2011). ATP is used as energy in the synthesis of light or also known as Photosynthesis . ATP is used by photosynthetic organisms to produce their own food and also by performing cellular respiration. It needs mainly glucose and oxygen that involves the transfer of electrons in a chemical reaction. Cellular respiration is the…

Rigor Mortis The term rigor stems from the Latin term meaning stiffness. Mortis stems from the Latin term meaning death. Upon death, respiration ceases to occur. Without oxygen, metabolism stops, organs shut down. The body’s main source of energy is the cell production of ATP. Wikipedia’s definition:” Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical…

Fig.4.9. The biocellulose production and sugar consumption affected by dibasic sodium phosphate concentrations, incubation period in the steepest ascent experiment 4.6. Production of biocellulose by immobilized G. xylinus cells The aim of the present part of work was to study the influence of immobilization on the production of extracellular biocellulose by G. xylinus. The optimized medium used throughout this expermint was composed of (g/l): reducing sugar, 30; yeast extract, 7; peptone, 7;…

There's various types of ways an organism can live, one being autotrophic. Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from living beings. They're the producers of the biosphere because they can release organic molecules. Most autotrophs get their energy from photosynthesis. They store their chemical energy in carbohydrate food molecules that they build themselves. Autotrophs are the ultimate source of organic compounds producing organic molecules and that's the direct link…

1. Introduction Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNL, EC 4.1.2.x) are enzymes which mediate the release of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and aldehyde or ketone from cyanohydrins [1]. These HNL catalyse enantioselective synthesis and cleavage of cyanohydrins [2]. The cyanohydrins and their derivatives are finding wide applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and cosmetics since these can be readily converted into other important molecules like α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy ketones…

3. CAC hypothetical enzyme defect When an alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme is removed or defective, it cannot convert alpha ketoglutarate substrate to succinyl-CoA product in the citric acid cycle. Thus, the whole citric acid cycle will not continue to function. The steps of citric acid cycle will not continue once there will be a defective enzyme. Normally, NADH and FADH2 in the matrix carry electrons to deliver them in the inner membrane of mitochondria. NADH delivers electrons in…