Glycolysis

1. Explain how an enzyme works, and how a coenzyme or cofactors may be involved in an enzymatic reaction. An enzyme is a type of protein that is produced by living organism, that also speeds up a chemical reaction without actually being involved in the reaction itself. Reactions occur under mild conditions; enzymes also control the metabolism, by taking out nonspecific side reactions. Enzymes catalyze each step of the chemical reactions in a metabolic pathway. In order for this to happen, all…

is not removal of electrons from an organic molecule. Compared with oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation produces far less ATP for two reasons. First, glucose is not oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. Second, the NADH made during glycolysis cannot be used to make more ATP. Overall, the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen yields 34 to 38 ATP molecules. By comparison, the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to lactate or ethanol yields only 2 ATP…

Glycolysis is found within the preparatory catabolic pathway. It begins the breaking down and oxidation of glucose. “The glycolytic digestive enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycogen and starch, liberating dextrin, glucose, maltose and maltotriose in the…

lactic acid|5| F. pyruvic acid|2| G. glycolysis|1| H. anaerobic fermentation|3| 6-2: What is the name of this process? _Cellular Respiration __ 6-3: This process is used by cells to manufacture _biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste…

As many of us already have studied in the past, the human genome can subdivide itself into two parts. The nuclear genome, which consists of over 26,000 genes and the circular mitochondrial genome, which consist of the only consist of 37 genes (“Organization of the human genome” 257). The human genome is vastly large compared to the mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial has played a significant role in genetics throughout time. For example, mtDNA helped geneticists understand the past and our…

Diabetes mellitus is a collection of common metabolic disorders. The scenario of passing large amount of urine is described by the Greek and Roman physicians as diabetes whereas the term mellitus refers to sweet taste (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, & Brooks, 2012). The name of the disease reveals one of the important clinical manifestation, that is, passing sweet-tasted urine, and in the other word, the presence of sugar in the urine. Besides that, Funk (2010) stated that there are three most…

The disease of the lungs, COPD, can be traced back to the 1600’s. It was the year 1679 when Swizz physician, Bonet, defined the disease as “voluminous lungs.” About a century later Italian anatomist, Giovanni Morgagni, termed cases of the lungs as “turgid.” A series of illustrations of the emphysematous lung putting forth the pathology of the disease was published by Baillie in 1789, thus emphysema was known to be a part of COPD early one (Mandal 2013). Over the years, Chronic Bronchitis became…

NORTH WEST KENT COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF SPORT & LEISURE FOUDATION DEGREE in SPORTS SCIENCE Human Responses to Sports & Exercise Assessment Task 1 Workbook Student Name: Daniel Kelly Instructions: Read the information provided, and answer the questions. Please note that your answers should be concise, to the point, and include brief explanation. Part A: Scenario: You are a fitness coach and are instructing a personal fitness training session for an athlete in a gym. The session…

a variety of other hallmarks of GBM, including increased proliferation (likely caused by abnormal signaling by EGFR, PDGFR, and MET) and increased angiogenesis (mediated by VEGF). Additionally, GBMs, like many other solid tumors, prefer aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the…

Introduction Debates concerning the health effects of artificial sweeteners are relevant not only for scientists and dieticians, but also for diabetics and individuals who are trying to lose weight. According to the American Diabetes Association (2014), aspartame (Equal, NutraSweet); acesulfame potassium (Sunett, Sweet One); neotame; sucralose (Splenda); saccharin (Sweet ‘N Low, Sweet Twin, Sugar Twin); and advantame are six alternatives to natural sugar that are commonly added to foods and…