Glycogen

Acute effects of caffeine consumption on submaximal aerobic performance. Introduction Caffeine and its related products are widely consumed in society. Caffeine is present in a variety of solid and liquid forms; coffee, tea and chocolate (Armsey et al, 2006). The popularity of caffeine can be attributed to both its stimulating properties and its role as an ergogenic aid (Olsen et al 2017). Caffeine is taken up by the body in a variety of steps and has a range of physiological effects. Caffeine…

vitamin and mineral deficiencies which affect the immune system (SCAN Registered Dietitians, 2013). Consuming alcohol after an athletic performance can also severely affect athletes. According to NCAA, consuming alcohol can cause a problem with “muscle glycogen synthesis and storage may be decreased, and gluconeogenesis can be stunted, potentially leading to hypoglycemia and impairing future…

Type 2 diabetes is a disease that causes sugar levels to rise higher than normal. It also happens to be the most common form of diabetes. With type 2 diabetes the body doesn't make or use insulin properly. The pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for the body not using the insulin already made, but over time, it's not able to keep up and can't keep the blood glucose level at normal. Insulin is the key regulator of the body's metabolism. There are many factors that lead into being a diabetic.…

Currently only 21% of Americans meet the physical activity guidelines set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This has become a major concern in today's society, as many of its effects are being seen. One of ten deaths worldwide result from insufficient physical activity (WHO). Physical activity is any type of movement that requires energy. Being physically active contributes to a person's overall fitness, which is a general state of health and wellbeing. Physical…

According to The American Diabetes Association, “Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia found in patients with diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels” (p.1). There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Insulin management is needed for…

Identifying Data Initials: J.R. Age: 21 Race: Black (Non-Hispanic) Gender: Male Height: 5’10” Weight: 158lbs Subjective Data Chief Complaint: Nausea, vomiting and dry heaves related to alcohol withdrawal. Increased depression, suicidal ideations, auditory and visual hallucinations. History of Present Illness The patient is a 21-year-old single African American male with a past…

the results of a prior experiment by Jönsson and Rebecchi (2002), which found a decrease in the size of storage cells in tardigrades following anhydrobiosis. The body cavities of tardigrades contain storage cells, which store energy in the forms of glycogen, lipids, and peptides. Upon a week of starvation, these cells can be observed to shrink (Reuner et al. 2008). Lipid reserves are believed to be linked to anhydrobiotic success in tardigrades by several mechanisms.…

Case Study A 14-year-old girl and her mother came into the emergency room with concerns of the child experiencing lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss, even though she has been eating. The mother also mentioned that the patient’s breath has been smelling “fruity”. After further examination, it was determined that she has a high heart rate and high blood pressure. Evaluation of her arteries determined that the high blood pressure is being caused by atherosclerosis. The…

Assignment 1: Metabolism Gone Wrong: Galactosemia Course: Biochem 3D03 TA: Rabia Mateen Name: Kei Cheng Mak ID: 3122260 Date: October 15th, 2014 Introduction Metabolism consists of biochemical reactions catalyzing the conversion of complex macronutrients into usable energy by various enzymes. Energy in food is extracted from three macronutrients - carbohydrate, protein and fat. As food passes through the digestive tract, various enzymes and chemicals in the body break food particles into…

The anaerobic system becomes the main energy source until the aerobic system gets going. This energy system is for high intensity lasting up to 2 minutes. Here, ATP is made by the partial breakdown of glucose and glycogen (sugar in you blood from food and drink). This is caused by anaerobic glycolysis. No oxygen is used in the anaerobic system to create energy, however the energy produced from the anaerobic system is a by product along with lactic acid which is what…