Glycerol

Varying environmental climates require organisms to develop defense mechanisms to survive. For conditions under freezing temperatures, each animal has a response. If an animal is unprepared for the extreme situation, the formation of ice leads to a destruction of tissues and most organisms are unable to tolerate even frostbite; which make animals adapt to stay warm and out of the cold. Biochemical studies have examined why amphibians can tolerate freezing temperatures. Many amphibians, though…

Triglycerides are made of three molecules of fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule and its catabolism follows two pathways to generate ATP. The four molecules are separated by a hydrolysis degradation reaction. The three fatty acid molecules enter a pathway that consists of Beta oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, and electron transport chain. The substrate involved in Beta Oxidation include the three fatty acid molecules, coenzyme A, NAD, FAD, and ATP. The Beta Oxidation process involves…

particularly, porcine-derived lipases, proteases, and amylases taken from a pig pancreas2. Once ingested, Creon, breaks food down in multiple ways depending on the type of food it is. Regarding fats and glycerols, Creon will catalyze the hydrolysis of the fat into monoglyceride and the glycerols into free fatty acids2. Creon will also catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids2. Finally, Creon will take any starches and will do the same thing; catalyze the hydrolysis of…

RL hyperproducer mutant obtained by gamma radiation of P. aeruginosa isolate P6 in our previous study (in press). This isolate was stored in Luria Bertani broth (Lab M, Topley house, England) containing 20% glycerol at -80 °C. 1.2. Culture media The mineral salts medium [9] containing glycerol 2 % v/v as the carbon source (GMSM) was prepared and used in this study. 1.3. Fermentative production of RL 1.3.1. Seed culture preparation A loopful from a fresh culture grown onto nutrient agar was…

Production of soaps and detergents for oil spill cleanup With another catastrophic oil spill hitting the coast in the last 50 years an environmental group has volunteered to help clean up the spill, specifically to use on affected birds. With environmental concerns in mind, tasked was to create an environmental friendly soap or detergent sufficient enough to clean up the mess left behind. In addition to the creation of soap for the purpose of cleaning, needed was a soap or detergent that would…

Different tissues in our body can cross-talk during fasting and fed state via hormonal regulation. Two major hormones, insulin and glucagon, play an important role in regulating metabolic homeostasis by inducing different responses from tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, and muscle. During fed state, insulin promotes glucose uptake in the muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates glycogen and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. At the same time, it inhibits lipolysis and hepatic glycogenolysis…

The muscle fibers in the presence of ATP contracted 0.07cm and 3.3% change. Under the microscope, figure 1 shows the striated fiber by clearly indicating the bands and lines of the striation. In addition, solution B, with ATP plus Salt (KCl, MgCl2) contracted the muscle fiber by 0.24cm and 9.2% change. Finally, solution C, containing only salt (KCl, MgCl2) also contracted the muscle fiber by 0.13cm and 6.1% change. Figure 2 shows the effect after adding salt and shows the striations of the fiber…

The major bottleneck for lipid extraction from the wet microalgae is the low extraction efficiency, because of the immiscibility of nonpolar organic solvents with water contained in wet microalgae {Yoo, 2012 #31} {Kim, 2013 #118}. Traditional method for lipid extraction from dry biomass uses a co-solvent system, which consist of a non-polar solvent and polar solvent {Halim, 2012 #7} {Kim, 2013 #118}. When the co-solvent system is directly applied to wet microalgal biomass, the microalgal cells…

So, why not use real blood in stage/film productions? Well, real blood coagulates (thickens/solidifies to a jelly-like state) in the presence of oxygen, which is not helpful in a performance if someone is supposed to be bleeding out. Blood also darkens during this process. So making fake blood turned out to be a more accessible, effective, and dramatic method of enabling blood effects in a scene. So, According to John Hess, from Filmmaker IQ, the most notable uses of fake blood began in Paris.…

dicarboxylic acids so it is different from cutin and it also contain a big number of phenol containing compounds.Its monomers are C16-C28 ω-hydroxy fatty acids, alcohols ,C16-C26 α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ferulate, very-long-chain fatty acids and, glycerol. (1) (2) Figure 3. Diagram of root cells of plant (1) Location: It is present in the root endodermis of Casparian strip and act as a a barrier between the stele and apoplast of the cortex.It is also found in and cork cells of the…