Glacial period

For the first synthesis reaction, camphene was converted to isobornyl acetate. In the fume hood, a sample of 1.36 g of camphene was added to a 25-mL round-bottomed flask along with a stir bar. To dissolve the camphene, 3.0 mL of glacial acetic acid was added into the flask. The flask was fastened onto a ring stand and immersed in a water bath that was on top of a stir plate. A thermometer wire was placed in the water bath to monitor the temperature throughout the experiment. After the camphene…

changes in natural cycles. In the last 650,000 years, there have been 7 cycles of glacial advance and retreat (“Global”). The current warming trend is significant because most of it is very likely human induced, and it is occurring at a rate that is unprecedented in the past 1,300 (“Global”). Events around the globe show evidence of a warming climate, such as: rising sea levels, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, glacial retreat, extreme…

erectus inhabitants (Bar-Yosef, Ofer, pg. 214). Homo erectus' dispersals could have resulted in the climatic modification within the northern hemisphere by the glacial cycles (Bar-Yosef, Ofer, pg. 214). As an alternative, Turner (1992) suggested a structure recommended scavenge chances for those involved with the early hominid species were limited when carcass destroyed carnivores, for instance, hyenas and enormous…

continental crust while the oceanic crust falls below the other plate via subduction. When subduction occurs the pressure from below causes volcanoes and mountains to form further inland. This would also explain why the rock formation in the Quaternary time period was a pyroclastic…

to live in a safe world for ourselves, next generations and the rest of life on Earth. Unfortunately, we are already observing the effects of climate change such as rising sea levels, global temperature rise, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, glacial retreat, ocean acidification and extreme events. It is also known that the increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm. So, there are a lot of changes that fluctuate from time to time. Fortunately, there are Earth-orbiting…

[sapien]neanderthalensis Lineage Roughly 200 thousand years ago, there was split in the hominin lineage. From the Homo erectus species, the H.[sapien]neanderthalensis evolved. This species roamed throughout Europe, the Middle East and central Asia during the last glacial period (Crane-Kramer and Harrison 2011:144). The mystery surrounding the disappearance of the Neanderthals continues to puzzle anthropologist and leaves many questions unanswered. The debate surrounding the disappearance of…

IV. METHODOLOGY SAPONIFICATION VALUE Saponification is a method used in treating a neutral fat with alkali, breaking it down to glycerol and fatty acids. The saponification value or saponification number is the amount of alkali needed to saponify the given quantity of fat or oil, expressed as mg potassium hydroxide to saponify 1 g of the sample. In this experiment, the researchers used chemicals such as ethanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phenolphthalein indicator.…

area is the Gulf of Mexico. During the Pleistocene Era, the sea level was 300 feet lower than it is today due to “glacial episodes.” Due to the low sea level, streams and rivers extended far out to the continental shelf, and cut deeper into their valleys. Sand would flow into these crevices from upstream, leading to the development of barrier islands. Also typified by this time period were the southern…

have occurred since the year 2000, land ice is decreasing at a rate of 280.1 gigatons per year, and sea levels are rising at a rate of 3.4 mm per year. These are all significant signs of climate change on a global scale over a very short period. During the same period, carbon dioxide levels have risen to 405.25 parts per million—the highest they have been in 650,000 years per ice core and soil samples (Global Climate Change). Furthermore, human carbon dioxide emissions dwarf those of any natural…

estimate that in the late 21st century, the south and central regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) will be ice-free for five months, and thus will not be able to reach 100% SIC, along with declines in ice thickness and snow depth. Ice-free periods negatively affect adult male polar bears body mass and reproduction in females. Both these events significantly affect the population abundance of polar bears (Hamilton et al. 2014). Hamilton et al. (2014) further predict that 80% of the…