Germ cell tumor

Diffuse Optical Tomography is non invasive, non ionizing functional imaging modality used for detection of brain tumor and breast cancer. A forward model design depicts the placement of laser source and photo-detector around the tissue boundary. The light propagation on the phantom takes place in Near-Infra-Red wavelength. The incident light on the tissue boundary was absorbed and scattered. The scattered rays are detected by the photo-detector and scattered voltage of the tissue was measured. The scattered voltages vary for normal and tumor cell in the range of (0.1-4.3) volts and (4.3-5) volts respectively. This system of forward model acts as a screening test for the patients suffering from brain tumor. The parameters measured from forward…

Glomus tumors are usually the benign tumor of glomus cells with immunocytochemical and structural features of smooth muscle cells [1]. The majority of cases of glomus tumor are benign but rarely they demonstrate malignant features both clinically and histologically (aka glomangiosarcoma) [2]. Glomangiosarcoma in extracutaneous sites is uncommon but few cases have been reported. Glomangiosarcoma of the heart is extremely rare due to rarity or near absence of glomus bodies in the myocardium. We…

the shape of a tumor target. IMRT uses various small photon or proton beams of different intensities and angles to accurately irradiate a tumor. Unlike other types…

features in keeping with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The neoplastic tumour cells displaying a diffuse arrangement. The individual cells having an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, round nuclei with vesicular chromatin pattern and prominent nucleoli. The tumour showed CD20, BCL6, and CD10 immunopositivity was demonstrated. EBER was positive and there was patchy BCL2 staining. The case was reported as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Meanwhile, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)…

An ovarian cyst is a growth or swelling on or inside the ovary. It may be solid or filled with fluid. If it is solid, it is called a tumor. This can be frightening because it immediately brings cancer to mind, but tumor is just the medical term for any swelling. There are many types of ovarian cysts, namely, functional cysts, dermoid cysts, serous & mucinous cystadenomas, endometriomas, functional tumors, fibromas and brenner tumors. Conversely, the choice of ovarian cyst treatment used to treat…

Peripheral giant cell granulomas (PGCG) are relatively uncommon reactive exophytic lesions of the oral cavity. Such a term is also synonymous to peripheral giant cell epulis, peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma though the word reparative granulomas is now considered obsolete in modern medicine because it’s not truly reparative.4,5 Clear aetiology of PGCG still remains elusive to and what is available currently are the laid hypothesis by various scholars for example local irritation from…

Enchondroma is a type of noncancerous bone tumor that begins in the cartilage. While these tumors are not frequently cancerous, they can still lead to deformity and fractures of large or small long bones. Although the cause of enchondromas are unknown, the tumors may be either from an overgrowth of cartilage that lines the ends of the bones or a persistent growth of original, embryonic cartilage. Enchondromas can affect anyone but specifically affects patients between the ages of 10 to 20 years…

Cancerous cells take advantage of existing cell structures such as microtubules, to divide and multiply. Microtubules aid the cells in dividing and creating a similar cell. Potent anti-microtubule agents work by blocking the microtubules from performing their usual functions. When this happens, the cells are incapable of dividing and creating similar cells, and ultimately die. These anti-microtubule agents can’t differentiate between normal cells and the cancerous cells, and act on normal cells…

What is cancer? Cancer is the normal cells in your body that become abnormal by not being able to perform the final processes of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and die. When cancer cells cannot perform this process of dying they continue to rapidly grow and multiply. Eventually they become a large growth of cells also known as a tumor. When a tumor is not harmful it is called a “benign” tumor. When a tumor is harmful and cancerous it is considered “malignant”. From there the cancer is at stage 1…

Aspartame studies have shown to affect both memory and mood. Those fed a diet of aspartame experience depressive thoughts and memory lapses. When performing a study on the effects of aspartame on depression by feeding participants 30mg/kg of aspartame per day, the study had to be stopped because only thirteen participants completed the study due to the severity of the adverse reactions experienced by the participants who already had depression. Large doses of aspartames have also shown to cause…