Geometrical optics

Introduction In general an optical sensor basically is like any other device which could converts light rays(laser beams) into electronic signals, into a form ie readable. Fiber optic sensors have numerous advantages over other conventional electronic sensors. Some important advantages are as below • Ability to integrate different structure. • Their inability to conduct electric current. • Highly resistive to electromagnetic interference…

When a lens produces an image, the size of it corresponds to the focal length of the lens. The smaller the focal length, the smaller the image and the longer the focal length the bigger the image. How bright an image may be solely depends on the amount of light collected by the objective lens. How much light can be collected corresponds to the area of the objective lens. So the bigger the objective lens, the more light can be collected. If you want to increase the light gathering power by 4, you…

The results were a success and were exactly done the way that was explained in the procedure. There were a few complications when it came down to it. Since there were not enough resources, our group had to cut the length of the basic optical bench by half a meter instead of a meter that was instructed in the procedure. Our group learned that if the object distance is smaller than the image distance, then it projects a larger image, which leaves a larger image size. If the object distance is…

Electron motion in atomic systems, which happens on timescales of attoseconds, is at the heart of all phenomena in nature (except for nuclear processes). Electron motion is responsible for the emission of light and photosynthesis in plants. Electron motion across biological molecules transports information in our nerves and is involved in processing this information in our brains. Moreover, the valence electrons are responsible for binding atoms to form molecules. The structural change of…

1. Doppler radar systems provide information about the movement and position of targets. They work by sending a beam of electromagnetic waves at a specific frequency, at a moving object. When a microwave bounces off the object, its wavelength shifts as the object moves (this is known as the Doppler effect). The radar detects the shift and calculates how fast the object is traveling, along with it's location. 2. Polarized sunglasses block reflected light (glare). Since polarized light waves…

Joseph von Fraunhofer was a German optician and physicist who discovered and influenced how astronomers view the dark line spectrum, the spectrum of the sun and the diffraction of light. His discoveries turned him as a glassmaker with humble beginnings into a scientists whose discoveries would allow scientists after him to calculate the distances of stars and lead them to recognize that the universe is expanding. On March 6, 1787 in Straubing, Bavaria, Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer was born into…

A light microscope works like a telescope using glass lenses to reflect light, which magnifies images which are naked to the human eye such as cells and dust. The lens closest to your eye is called the eyepiece lens. This usually has a magnification of x10. Objective lenses are lenses of several different strengths which magnify the image. The stage is the place where the microscopic slide sits. This is held in place by the clips. The light source (can be a mirror or a bulb) projects light onto…

Crane’s description of the bar where Pete works subtly highlights the deceptiveness of this bar’s appearance. The words “imitation leather” depict the fake or misleading qualities of the bar. The “massiveness” of the “shining bar” is another deception of appearance as the “mirrors set in the face of the sideboard” make it look larger than actuality. The mirror also “multiplied” the number of “shimmering glasses” giving the feeling of elegance and high quality. However, the glasses were never…

Refraction of light is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. This is the bending or breaking that occurs throughout this lab. Learning about refraction is the main purpose of this lab and is explained through four separate experiments. The first experiment includes a medium size glass, water, and a pencil. The first step of this section was to fill the glass to two-thirds full of water. Then take the pencil and circle it around both…

The technique used in representing three-dimensional images onto a two-dimensional picture plane is what is known as Perspective drawing. More specifically, Linear Perspective is described as ‘a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.’ Certainly one of perspectives’ main uses in painting is in establishing the position from which the artist or spectator observes…