Genotype

each affects the other with regards to phenotypic similarity. For all of its grandeur, a DNA sequence is highly singular in its process of creation. It utilizes a long series of A, G, C, and T subunits that code for every protein and aspect of our genotype. These strands of DNA, as well as the proteins they create, are often used as a basis for genetic comparisons between species, as skewed or inaccurate as they may be (Marks 2002: 33). Align a pair of sequences from different species, and one…

happiness after eating in as young as first born. Scientific studies show emotions have been proven to be genetic in specific types of genes. “Researchers have found that the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 VNTR gene, when combine with the 5-HTTLPR genotype, results in 6-months-olds who are difficult- they cry often, are hard to distract, and are slow to laugh”(Homboe et al.,2011). The parent not having the knowledge of understanding if their child does have this gene being mindful of why the feel…

change the rate of metabolism, as a result, the level of CX in the blood is affected and the therapeutic effect can be increase or decrease. When genetic polymorphisms occur, the specific CYP enzymes of CX are determined by a specific gene and the genotype decide rather the function of the enzyme is normal, reduced or non-existent. Moreover, there are four main phenotypes, firstly, the extensive metabolizer has two normal alleles and the intermediate metabolizer has one normal and one variant…

CONCLUSION: To conclude, the significance of our goals were a) To provide the face validity of the rodent model of PMS and b) Have a well-characterized animal model for such a prevalent form of ASD for testing potential therapeutics for the syndrome. We performed the 5-CSRT task that requires rodent’s active attention to perform the task, thus detecting the underlying attentional deficit. Our results confirmed the PMS phenotype in the rat model, as observed by their higher latencies on…

The advent of personalized medicine is moving us from a traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach, based on broad population averages, to a more precise health care that is customized for each individual patient. The sequencing of the human genome has initiated a genomic era of personalized medicine. Knowledge of patients genomic, gained through high through-put next generation sequencing (NGS) is offering opportunities for biological insights and clinical diagnostics. Advances in this field have…

adaptive changes in males and females often due to male competition and female selectivity. (Biology, Sylvia s mader and Michael winderlspecht pg 297 - 298). Usually this is the result of phenotype selection but, this is tied in with the selection of genotypes. Size and colorations of features in a mate may indicate features that are not readily observable. For example, the males of the three-spined stickleback fished; the more intense the red coloration of a male’s belly, the more resistant the…

population. Natural selection is not progressive, and does not strive for perfection. The thing about natural selection that separates it from evolution is that natural selection works on the phenotype of individuals while evolution works on the genotype…

In recent years MTHFR has been popularised in social media and blogs with various levels of information and potential misinformation. A search on google.com.au using the term “MTHFR” provided 1,330,000 results in 0.40 seconds.[1] With all of this different information being available 24 hours per day, all year round, it can be confusing for practitioners and patients to sift through to determine what is scientific, clinical or “hearsay”. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)…

The KIR ligand incompatibility model, also known as the “ligand-ligand” model was first suggested by the Perugia group, and predicts NK alloreactivity in the GVHD direction when the recipient lacks expression of an iKIR ligand (figure 4a) 31-34. This seminal study demonstrated the first clinical evidence of the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy via NK alloreactivity 31,32. Utilizing HLA-mismatched haploidentical donors, Ruggeri and colleagues evaluated ninety two patients with high risk…

Thomas Hunt Morgan was a very decorated biologist. He discovered the role that chromosomes play in heredity. Morgan was born on September 25th, 1866 in Lexington, Kentucky (Thomas H. Morgan- Biographical, n.d.). His parents were Charlton Hunt Morgan and Ellen Key Morgan. His extended family was also very successful. His uncle, John Hunt Morgan, was a Confederate General in the Civil War. His great grandfather, Francis Scott Key, wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”. All around, he had very positive…