Genotype

the trait. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein made of iron that is a major component of a red blood cell also known as an erythrocyte. The HbA allele is dominant to the HbS allele. The disease is only inherited when the homozygous recessive or HbS/ HbS genotype is present. The homozygous dominant genes of HbA/ HbA do not pass on the trait while the heterozygous normal phenotype HbA/ HbS is a carrier of the sickle cell trait (Klug, 2012 pg. 359). For example, two parents who are both heterozygous have…

In the four-week long experiment conducted in the Bio 13 Lab, we were able to conduct a genetic analysis of the yeast S. cerevisiae, particularly investigating the inheritance and linkage of three genes: HIS4, LEU2, and LYS2. In week one, a suspension of spores was received and aliquots of the suspension were plates onto two YPD plates. After a week of yeast growth, haploid spore clones were carefully picked from the plates by sterile toothpicks and used to make patches on a new YPD plate, the…

different describing colors for the skin. The popular system has been known to use 135 to 500 different race-color terms. The black movement system embracing black heritage. Unlike the other racial classifications the black movement system is based on genotype rather than phenotype. Different from the United States, Brazil is using skin color as just a descriptive word and neglected to understand that there is something meaningful about color. The black movement system is based off of putting…

Imagine living in a society where performing a certain process, a perfect genetically identical copy of a biological entity could be produced. This process is called cloning, and essentially it takes from one’s own genetic makeup to produce an exact replica (Cloning Fact Sheet). These exact replicas, known as clones, can benefit our society in some ways, but could also deteriorate society into something people would not recognize. Elements of cloning suggest the fallacy of a slippery slope. One…

Identification and characterization of differentially expressed gene(s) in pigeonpea genotypes in response to Helicoverpa armigera infestation Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)millspaugh] is an important food legume predominantly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa almost exclusively as a rainfed crop. It is a diploid (2n = 22), often cross-pollinated crop with a genome size of 833.07 Mbp (Varshney et al., 2012). Globally, it is cultivated on an area of 4.92 M ha…

endocrine-metabolic disease in childhood. The prevalence of CD in type-1 DM ranges from 0.6 to 16.4% compared with 0.01–0.03% in the general population. The mechanism of association between the two diseases involves a shared genetic background of HLA genotype. Serum tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (tTG IgA) are considered specific and sensitive markers for screening of Celiac disease in more than 95 % of patients. Objective: Screening for the presence of serum tissue transglutaminase IgA…

Evolution is defined as a change in allele frequencies from one generation to another generation with time. To test the evolution theory, Drosophila was chosen as a great experiment organism because of its short life cycle, rapid development, its small size and the large amount of breeding data can be produced. There are two types of allele of Drosophila observed which are ebony allele and wild-type allele. While wild type allele is dominant and easily found in nature, the ebony type is a…

social-construct that serves to disenfranchise the dispossessed whilst allowing for those who’re in power to remain that way. By engaging in the “Exploring Traits” activity one can easily see how race has no real basis, whether it be via phenotype or genotype. One thing was made very evident through this activity, whether or not they were in the same racial category didn’t matter in the slightest: skin color, blood-type, and even finger-print shape vary immensely within humankind, and this…

To some people, small amounts of the compounds phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste very bitter; other people do not taste these compounds. In 1932, a scientist by the name of Fox was working in a lab with phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) when a colleague complained about the bitter taste of the chemical dust Fox was spreading around. Fox insisted that it was tasteless. To settle the disagreement, he had other colleagues taste the PTC and discovered that it had a strong bitter taste for some people, while…

Microevolution allows us to see a small scale of evolution over a short period of time. To visually see and test evolution we need organisms that adapt quickly and have short life spans. Fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, are model organisms in order to gather as much information within a short period of time. Fruit flies have a life span of about 2 weeks, and are low maintenance, making it easy to see several generations. (Varga, S. J., Qi, C., Podolsky, E., & Lee, D , 2014) According to…