Genotype

Evolution is the change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It is the process that gives rise to variation in existing populations, drives speciation, and what leads to the extinction of new species. It is the natural change that occurs in response to environmental pressures resulting in phenotypical changes. Another way for phenotypical changes to occur in a species is by human intervention. Domestication is a form of human intervention. The…

A genotype is known as the complete genetic makeup of a given organism. Consequently, a genotype is the one responsible for the phenotype of an individual. In eukaryotes, a single genotype is capable of expressing more than one phenotype (observable characteristics). This possibility is because genes can go through lots of differentiation processes like mutation, changes in gene expression and frequency. So, mutations play a significant role in variation. For example, DNA can be affected by the…

1. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Define each term, and then explain how each process contributes differently to the conception and growth of a zygote. The two ways cell division can occur are through mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, a cell produces two clones of itself, each with the same number of chromosomes. In meiosis, a cell will produce four cells called gametes through the process of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Gametes are most commonly known as sperm cells in…

Those who responded late during the 48 hours BH4 loading test and were true responders to BH4 showed no difference in natural protein intake when compared to those who had responded in 24 hours. Genotypes were also a factor that showed BH4 responsiveness in this research. Those that had at least one genotype with at least one mutation known to be linked to long-term BH4 responsiveness showed a high rate of true response (Anjema et al…

Background Turner’s syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs in 1 in every 2,500 female births. Though it occurs in about 3% of fetuses, 99% of these fetuses are spontaneously aborted[1]. Turner’s syndrome can be defined as a combination of phenotypes with varying expressivity along with the complete or partial loss of an X sex chromosome[2]. Symptoms of Turner’s syndrome include, but aren’t limited to short stature, glucose intolerance, broad chest and widely spread nipples, amenorrhea,…

We expect the genetic frequency of “A” and “a” to be constant based on Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. However, from the table I and graph of genetic drift, we find f(A) is increasing in the offspring and f(a) is decreasing in the offspring. We find small population size violates the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium rule. Table I and graph of genetic drift also bring into question whether the genetic drift would end up with an extinction or fixation of genes. This is further explained in the Table II…

Should humans be allowed to genetically engineer their offspring? Can you use genes from more than two people to create a baby? Can humans extract DNA from animals into their offspring? These questions are going to become very important shortly to the entire world. Genetically changing our offspring could change the world for the better or it could lead to our destruction. There are very few benefits that can come from this such as life expectancy and how intellectual the human brain can become.…

SIMULATION CROSS BETWEEN A HETEROZYGOUS FEMALE AND A HEMOPHILIA MALE BACKGROUND INFORMATION The survival of the human species throughout the last millions of years has been solely based on the randomized process of genetic inheritance from one generation to the next generation. Instead of duplicating their genetic information and create identical offspring, humans produce sex cells, through the process of meiosis, that carry only half of the genetic information, and fertilize them in order to…

We went to the life centre to carry out PCR. We did this to investigate what our PTC genotype would be. To do this we had to carry out the following steps: DNA extraction, PCR and gel electrophoresis. I found that my genotype matched my phenotype, showing that I was a PTC taster and my genotype was hetero zygote taster. DNA extraction DNA is removed from human cells for a range of reasons. With a pure sample of DNA you can test for a genetic disease, analyze forensic evidence, or study a gene…

while L444P leads to type 2 or type 3 Gaucher’s disease. Patients with the N370S variant often bear distinct phenotypes than those with the L444P variant. That being said, the relationship between the phenotype and the genotype are not well understood. Individuals with identical genotypes for the GBA1 alleles may still experience drastic differences in phenotypes. Research carried out by molecular biologist Rosa Salvioli noticed the involvement of an additional protein that could contribute to…