Genomics

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Introduction Tobacco use is one of the major threats to human health which kills nearly 6 million people each year with an estimated 8 million deaths in the year 2030. More than 2,500 chemicals are found in tobacco and its smoke, among which terpenoids and alkaloids are the major groups [1]. Though there is clinical uncertainty about the carcinogenic property of nicotine, evidences have proved nicotine as the main psychoactive agent responsible for the development of tobacco dependence [2, 3].…

Neurodegenerative disease is an all-encompassing term for an array of conditions which principally affect the neurons of the human brain. These make up the nervous system, which also incorporates the spinal cord and, under normal circumstances, do not replace themselves or reproduce. Therefore, when they are damaged or die off, they are unable to be replaced. Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration and/or the death of nerve cells. This…

consulted. After Dr. Lewes received a comprehensive three generation family history, he performs a thorough examination on Leo. The results determined that there was no species genetic syndrome. Given this, Dr. Lewes orders a micro-array comparative genomic hybridization study, which demonstrates no substantial deletion or duplication. At ten months of age, Leo’s developmental delays became even more apparent. Leo’s parents grew anxious concerning a diagnosis. They would like to have more…

Introduction Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a fatal disease that is characterized by the appearance of rapid aging in children. HGPS is rare, affecting roughly 1 in 8 million live births. HGPS can be identified by early symptoms that include slow development, limited growth, alopecia, localized scleroderma, and a distinct facial structure which includes a small face, shallow jaw, and pinched nose. As the disease progresses, new symptoms arise, such as hearing and vision loss…

Pediatric cancer is among the leading causes of death for children today. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "the most prevalent cancers seen in childhood are leukemia’s and brain and central nervous system cancer. Within the United States, these cancers account for the highest incidence and death rates among children today" (2014). Research shows genetic factors play a significant role in causing a variety of pediatric cancers. This paper will provide research and…

Heart Failure in Older Adults Heart failure (HF) is a preventable, complex, and progressive disease that affects most older adults. The enormous personal and national financial burden of HF is astounding. HF has become a global epidemic affecting over 23 million people worldwide with economic burden estimated at more than $108 billion per year (Dickson et al., 2014). This condition is predominant in adults older than 65, and is a chronic and progressive syndrome often associated with the…

The slave trade in African captives, already well underway in Europe and the Atlantic islands since at least the fifteenth century, morphed into the historical period known as the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade when Europeans who made the voyage to the Americas in the sixteenth century began shipping Africans as cargo along with other commodities being transported to the New World. By the middle of the century, dedicated slave ships had begun to transport captured peoples across the route known as…

Type 2 Diabetes and Adiponectin The endocrine system is a collection of glands which secretes chemical messengers such as hormones directly into the bloodstream to create a response in a target cell (Reece,M et al. 2011). Adipose tissue is a major organ in the endocrine system which stores energy and produces active peptides called adipocytokines. Adiponectin is a hormone from the adipose tissue and which is encoded by the gene ADIPOQ. It breaks down fatty acids and regulates glucose levels in…

Objective: In-silico assessment analysis of Protein database entries of the Pf. lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) enzyme, considered as an important target for designing of anti-malarial drugs. Methods: PDB structures of the enzyme Pf. lactate dehydrogenase were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. These were subjected to ANOLEA energy assessment analysis and Swiss model was used to analyse Ramachandran plot. Results: The energy assessment analysis and analysis of Ramachandran plot were carried out…