Genome

Through matching base pairing, one primer attaches to the top strand at one end of your segment and the other primer attaches to the bottom strand. In most cases, 2 primers that are 20 or so nucleotides long will target just one place in the entire genome. We put our extracted DNA into a pcr tube to begin this process. We then added primer to the pcr tube. We also added nucleotides. The last thing we added to the pcr tube was DNA polymerase. This reads the DNA code. DNA polymerase is selected as…

create another. Although CRISPER/CAS 9 is often precise, it has been known to cut the wrong strand of DNA leading to a whole new problem. The main subject of debate is whether or not to allow germ-line gene editing. Germ line editing is altering the genome in the sperm or egg cell. This provides the ability to change the genetics that a child is born with and these change s traits that would be inherited further down the generations. In altering the inherited traits we may be causing more…

Genetically Modified Organisms are a topic of strong debate that sparkles both pros and cons, fuelled largely by a lack of understanding and huge amounts of misinformation that give wrong ideas. My research project is introducing the issues related to this and covering both pros and cons, and my own opinion towards this. •Explain what is involved with this biological issue Genetically modified organisms, also known as a transgenic organism, are living organisms whose genetic material has…

DNA organization within cells is a complex and sophisticated process. This high level of complexity is due to the hundreds of thousands of interactions that can be enabled through organization. It is a known that promoter elements and enhancer elements work in unison to regulate gene expression. Often times enhancers are found hundreds of kilo-bases away from their interacting promoter elements. These enhancers initiate promoter activation via interactions amongst transcription factor binding…

David Daige Biol 1030H Due Date: April 1, 2016 Professor Laura Pacey Lab Report 5: Molecular Biology Techniques Abstarct The aim of this study is to accurately measure small volumes using the micropipettes and to use virtual STR and PCR programs to test the paternity of various cases. During the lab, 18uL of different volumes were successfully measured into a tubule using the micropipette. During the lab, fruit juice was accurately extracted from a solution using…

Genome targeting and editing has provided the ability to better understand and determine the function of genes in many model organisms. Genomes are composed of genes which are the basic unit of heredity that determine the traits organisms express. With the ability to target specific genes and edit them, genes and their locations in the genome can be studied and determine their significance and function, in addition to gaining an understanding to human disease and possible routes to eliminate…

We know what life is. However, we do not know where life came from. Many extraordinary and intellectual people have come up with the most reasonable theories of how “life” came to be. From life being found on different planets, to life being found intriguing places of our very Earth. The Primordial Soup Hypothesis was a theory created by Alexander Oparin and Haldane in 1920. This theory stated that life started from a body of water and amino acids. The beginning of life began as…

To correct the mutation in the gene that lead to the development of cystic fibrosis, a team of Yale researchers led by Dr. Peter Glazer (Chairman, therapeutic radiology), Mark Saltzman (Chairman, biomedical engineering), and Dr. Marie Egan (professor of paediatrics and of cellular and molecular physiology), the collaborative team operated certainartificial molecules identical to DNA known as Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs), as well as donor DNA, to recover the genetic abnormality.Professor Egan…

How does gene therapy work? A mutation leads to missing or malformed proteins can either be harmless or can lead to serious diseases. In case mutation is harmful and leads to serious diseases, doctors use gene therapy as a treatment. Lab technicians isolate normal DNA and package it into a vector, which acts as a molecular delivery truck. These vectors are composed of viral DNA sequences. They either injected or given intravenously (by IV) into a specific tissue in the patient’s body.…

All genes of living organisms are translated into proteins according to a single genetic code. Eighteen out of the twenty amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, called synonymous codons. If the ultimate goal of protein translation is to produce the encoded amino acid, each synonymous codon should be used equally. Interestingly however, biased usage among synonymous codons occurs in organisms like Escherichia coli and yeast. Codon usage bias refers to the fact that some synonymous codons are…