Genome

It’s important to realize that each scientific break through is made possible by the work that came before it. It’s a lot like putting puzzle pieces together, collecting different important evidence until enough puzzle pieces result in another break through. Fifty years ago two scientists announced to a lunch time crowd that they had discovered the secret to life. How DNA changed the world To begin with scientists used to have no understanding of what caused distinct patterns of inheritance.…

Genome duplication caters sources of genetic material for mutation and selection to act upon- making new evolutionary opportunities possible. In the last century, genome duplication has been viewed as a dominant factor in the evolution of eukaryotes. As an outcome, most people have disputed that genome duplication is a leading factor in the evolution of complexity and diversity (Crow 2005). Although many people believe this, no correlation has been made clear confirming whether this is true.…

Genetic transformation is an important method, in molecular biology and genetic engineering, for transferring DNA amongst a variety of organisms. In Lab five, my lab partners and I used calcium chloride to make the bacterium cell walls more permeable and a heat shocking method to introduce the pGLO plasmid in the E.coli bacterium so that they may exhibit ampicillin resistance. The Goal of the experiment was to observe whether or not, given one of the four specific conditions, the pGLO plasmid…

Since the beginning of time, genomes have been in existence since the -, “so-called big bang theory”. Genomes are the key to life because they are an organism’s complete set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is the source in which processes transcription takes place to form a ribonucleic acid (RNA) and is then translated into an amino acid, which is the essential building block of protein to life. For example, hemoglobin, the cells in our bone marrow, churn out a hundred trillion per second of…

Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and Myriad Genetics to challenge several patents related to human genetics. Myriad Genetics, Inc. is a genomic research firm whose mission, among other things, is to learn what various sequences of DNA in the human genome actually do. In 1994, Myriad’s scientists made an extraordinarily useful discovery that is two genes now known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. But the influence of these genes can elevate the risk of a woman developing cancer at some point in her life.…

Scientists have relied on fossilized bones to find out about ancient species. They take lots of information from these bones and find out things including their ear shape, length of their fur, and what they last ate before they died. The genes that are collected are used to show how that certain animal or species lived/survived. Proteins which are found in the cells help perform processes and drive the cells. The work done by these scientists have helped the world to better understand…

Genome editing is a fairly new area of science as well as it theoretical benefits it also has it drawbacks, according to (incite reference). It 's is where genes are cut, deleted or inserted in the DNA which in turn changed the sequence of DNA of an organism or cell Various engineered nucleases can be used to carry out the genome editing, this include TALENs (Transcription activator interspaced nuclease), ZFNs (Zinc-finger nuclease) and CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic…

1.1 Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living non-parasitic, non-infectious, non-pathogenic, transparent Nematode (roundworm). It has a full grown length of about 1mm, a life span of around 3 weeks and is found in temperate soil environments where it survives by feeding on microbes such as bacteria. [1] Consisting of about 1000 somatic cells as an adult, C. elegans is amenable to genetic crosses and produces a large number of progeny, at times even…

Gene therapy is an experimental form of treatment that modify the expression of an individual’s genes or correct abnormal genes by replacing a faulty disease-causing gene with a working version, or by introducing a new gene to cure a condition or modify its effects. For example, diseases such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and many cancers result from the presence of defective genes. Gene transfer first appeared in 1960s. The first therapeutic use of gene transfer was…

1.2 Cellular DNA Damage responses, genomic instability. DNA is the blue print of life and all the information of life processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction etc are encoded in the sequence of it. Therefore its very important to maintain the genomic integrity of this genetic material, not only to keep away defects in life processes but to pass a faithful information to the next progeny. Integrity of the DNA is usually challenged by both endogenous and exogenous agents who are capable…